In order to assess neuropathology and keep track of therapeutic measures, this article summarises commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neuro degeneration. For the diagnosis of brain disorders and for therapeutic monitoring, biomarkers are essential. As a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or reaction to therapeutic measures, a biomarker can be objectively examined and assessed. Understanding the molecular aetiology of neurological illnesses and being able to make an early diagnosis are challenging tasks. These problems may be overcome by new biomarkers for neurological illnesses, particularly in the early detection of disease risk. Acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological conditions such epilepsy, migraines, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic
brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can all be tracked using validated biomarkers.
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