Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by the accumulation of surfactant proteins and lipids within the alveoli, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory symptoms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of PAP, including its etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms and exploring current treatment modalities, this article seeks to enhance awareness and improve management strategies for patients with PAP.
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