Arianna Zhu* and Maria Neofytou
Breast Cancer (BC) remains a significant global health challenge, with early detection playing a crucial role in improving survival rates. Traditional detection methods such as mammography, MRI, and biopsies have limitations that impact the timely diagnosis of early-stage BC. This review focuses on the potential of liquid biopsies, specifically Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, as a non-invasive alternative for early breast cancer detection. Liquid biopsies offer advantages in terms of non-invasiveness and the ability to be repeated over time, providing valuable insights into tumor genetics. However, current ctDNA assays face challenges, particularly in detecting early-stage cancers due to low ctDNA levels. The review examines recent advancements in ctDNA research, including the role of key genetic mutations and copy number alterations, and highlights the need for improved assay sensitivity and specificity. It also explores the promise of tumor-informed approaches, despite their higher costs and longer development times. The integration of ctDNA analysis into clinical practice holds potential for enhancing early detection and personalizing treatment, with implications extending to other malignancies as well. Continued research and technological innovations are essential to overcoming current limitations and advancing the field of cancer detection and treatment.
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