Despite recent advances, cancer remains the leading cause of death on a global scale. Various types of research have been conducted in order to discover novel and effective anticancer medications. The complexity of breast cancer, combined with patient-to-patient variations and heterogeneity between cells within the tumour, is a major challenge. That problem is expected to be solved by revolutionary drug delivery. Chitosan nanoparticles have the potential to be a game-changing delivery system capable of increasing anticancer drug activity while decreasing negative effects on normal cells. The use of smart drug delivery systems as delivering materials to improve the bioactivity of NPs and to better understand the complexities of breast cancer has piqued the interest of many researchers. Current therapies are still ineffective in eradicating the disease as a whole, necessitating advancement through the use of far more specific treatments. Conventional chemotherapy employs poorly water-soluble drugs with limited delivery to target tissues, which leads to the development of resistant tumours, high drug toxicity in normal cells, severe side effects, rapid degradation, low specificity, and limited targeting. The main challenges in cancer therapy are drug development and drug delivery systems.
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