Regulatory frameworks play a pivotal role in shaping the business environment, providing the necessary stability and predictability for investment and entrepreneurship to thrive. Transparent and efficient regulatory regimes, coupled with measures to ensure market competition and protect property rights, create an enabling environment for businesses to flourish, fostering economic dynamism and resilience [2].
A myriad of policy instruments are deployed to stimulate economic engines, addressing specific challenges and opportunities within the economic landscape. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, trade policy, and industrial policy are among the key tools utilized by governments to steer economic activity and promote sustainable growth. Monetary policy, orchestrated by central banks, influences the money supply and interest rates to achieve macroeconomic objectives such as price stability and full employment. Through mechanisms such as open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate targeting, central banks regulate credit conditions, influencing investment, consumption, and inflation dynamics. Fiscal policy, on the other hand, involves the use of government spending and taxation to stabilize the economy and achieve broader social objectives. By adjusting tax rates, allocating budgetary resources, and implementing stimulus measures during downturns, policymakers seek to bolster aggregate demand, stimulate investment, and support social welfare programs [3].