Differences in health behaviours, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity, can significantly influence life expectancy. This section explores the sex-specific patterns of health behaviours and their implications for longevity. The burden of disease, including communicable and non-communicable diseases, varies between sexes in French Guiana. This section discusses the prevalence of major diseases and risk factors and their association with life expectancy disparities. Access to healthcare services is critical for ensuring equitable health outcomes. This section examines the healthcare infrastructure in French Guiana, including primary care, specialty services, and healthcare workforce distribution. Various barriers, such as geographic remoteness, cultural beliefs, and financial constraints, can hinder access to healthcare in French Guiana. This section discusses the specific challenges faced by males and females and their impact on life expectancy [6].