Diabetes and cardiovascular ischaemic events pose significant challenges in the management of PLWH. The interplay between HIV infection, ageing biomarkers, and monocyte activation contributes to the development of these comorbidities. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying biomarkers can aid in risk stratification, early detection, and targeted interventions. By addressing these factors, healthcare providers can improve the management and prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular ischaemic events in PLWH, ultimately enhancing their overall health outcomes.