As PLWH continue to age and access ART, the landscape of HIVassociated cancers is evolving. Changes in cancer incidence, types, and outcomes necessitate ongoing research and the development of tailored strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. By addressing the unique challenges posed by cancer in PLWH, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The management of cancer in PLWH requires an integrated approach that considers both HIV infection and cancer treatment. This section highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care, potential drug interactions, and ART optimization in cancer treatment. In conclusion, the evolution of cancer incidence in PLWH during different periods of antiretroviral treatment reflects the changing landscape of HIV-associated cancers. The impact of immune reconstitution, persistent immune activation, chronic inflammation, and co-infections contributes to the observed trends. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective strategies for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in PLWH.