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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including difficulties in social interaction, communication challenges, and repetitive behaviors. The severity and presentation of these symptoms vary significantly among individuals, making the disorder a spectrum rather than a singular condition. Over the past few decades, research into the biological underpinnings of ASD has intensified, with a particular focus on the genetic and molecular aspects of the disorder. One of the most promising and intricate areas of study is the examination of mutations in the brain matter of individuals with ASD. This article aims to explore the landscape of these mutations, how they contribute to the pathophysiology of ASD, and what this means for future research and therapeutic strategies [1].