Reem Rabie Mohammed Salih* and Haytham Hashim Gibreel
M. M El-ajaily*, M. M. Miloud, T. H. Al-noor, R. K. Mohapatra and N. S. Al-barki
A Schiff base (HL1), namely; [(S, Z)-2-((2-hydroxy-1-phenylethylidene) amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid] was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone with an amino acid (L-Tyrosine) for one hour. Whereas, the other Schiff base (HL2), namely; (E)-4-((2-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazono) methyl)-N, N-dimethylaniline] was synthesized by refluxing 4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for one hour. The first Schiff base (HL1) used ad primary ligand and the second one is used as secondary ligand to form five mixed ligand complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) ions. The synthesized mixed ligand complexes were subjected to several physiochemical techniques, in terms; CHN elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic moments and spectroscopic tools (FT-IR, 1HNMR, electronic, E.P.R and mass spectra). The analytical and spectroscopic data showed the presence of an octahedral geometry for all the mixed ligand complexes. The free Schiff bases, metal salts and mixed ligand complexes were tested for their antifungal activities on some pathogenic fungi species [A. niger, A. flavus, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus stolonifer].
Andrew A Yabusaki*
The selection of inpatient empiric antibiotic regimens is a significant challenge for hospitalists and clinicians today. Much is known about the increased incidence of acute kidney injury associated with the use of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam in combination compared to vancomycin and other beta-lactam combinations. What is less clear is the incidence of antibiotic associated acute kidney injury and outcomes in Black patients. Incidence rates of acute kidney injury are already known to be higher in Black patients compared to white patients, which makes extrapolating the risks of antibiotic associated acute kidney injury challenging. In addition, only one research paper has included a study population with greater than 50% Black patients.
DOI: 10.37421/2472-1212.2023.9.289
Aditya Prakash Sarode* and Shraddha Dingare
DOI: 10.37421/2472-1212.2023.9.320
Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) is a powerful tool for the design and synthesis of peptides with potential antimicrobial activity. In recent years, SPPS has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of new antimicrobial agents. SPPS is a synthetic method that allows for the efficient and rapid production of peptides using solid-phase supports. This technique involves stepwise addition of protected amino acids to a resin-bound peptide chain, followed by deprotection and cleavage to release the desired peptide. The resulting peptides can be modified to enhance their activity, stability, and bioavailability. One of the key advantages of SPPS is its ability to produce peptides with high purity and homogeneity. This is critical for the development of antimicrobial peptides, which require high levels of activity and specificity to target bacterial cells effectively. Additionally, SPPS allows for the production of peptide libraries, which can be screened to identify new antimicrobial agents with improved activity and selectivity. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of SPPS-derived peptides against multidrug-resistant bacteria, including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), and Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). These peptides have been shown to target bacterial membranes, disrupt cell wall synthesis, and inhibit essential enzymatic processes. In conclusion, SPPS has emerged as a powerful tool for the development of new antimicrobial agents. The ability to rapidly synthesize and modify peptides with high purity and homogeneity has opened up new opportunities for the design of effective therapies against multidrug-resistant bacteria. As the threat of antimicrobial resistance continues to grow, SPPS will play an increasingly important role in the fight against infectious diseases.
DOI: 10.37421/2472-1212.2023.9.299
DOI: 10.37421/2472-1212.2023.9.300
Amira S Shafaay*, Ebtesam E Ateia, MK Abdelamksoud and MM Arman
DOI: 10.37421/2472-1212.2023.9.319
CoEr0.0.25Fe1.975O4, CoFe2O4/0.1GR, and CoEr0.0.25Fe1.975O4/0.1GR nanoparticles were synthesized by using citrate auto combustion technique. The structure, morphology, magnetic and thermo-electrical properties of obtained nanocomposites have been examined using the Xray diffraction technique, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. Introducing graphene into the CoFe2O4 decreases the particle size and increases the magnetization of the system. The increase in the magnetic moment and hence the saturation magnetization can be attributed to the grafting of functional groups or adatoms to the graphene planes or to the edge bonds. The main mechanism of adatom chemisorption on graphene is breaking the π bonds and producing an additional σ bond. While dual doping with rare earth Er3+/graphene decreases the saturation magnetization of the composites from 70.336 to 36.285 emu/g. However, the decrease in all magnetic parameters for CoEr0.025Fe1.975O4/0.1GR can be attributed to the doping of rare earth ions (Er3+) that decreases the parallelism between the magnetic moments at the B site. This decrease offsets to some extent the increase of unpaired spins resulting due to the addition of graphene.
The application of the thermoelectric concept will help to deal with two main global issues, the increasing demand for energy with all the developments and the drastic climate changes. Consequently, the Seebeck coefficient as a function of temperature is scrutinizing. Graphene is one of the main issues for increasing the efficiency of antibacterial activity. It is obvious that the CoFe2O4/0.1GR sample has a strong antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aervginosa.
Rosinski Adalbert*
Antimicrobial peptides have garnered significant attention as promising agents in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria. These naturally occurring molecules, part of the innate immune system across various species, exhibit potent activity against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even cancer cells. The growing threat of antibiotic resistance has spurred interest in AMPs due to their unique mechanisms of action, broad-spectrum efficacy, and lower propensity for resistance development. However, despite their potential, AMPs face several challenges that must be addressed to fully harness their therapeutic capabilities. AMPs are typically short peptides composed of 10 to 50 amino acids, characterized by their amphipathic structure and positive charge. These structural features enable AMPs to interact with the negatively charged components of microbial membranes, such as phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides.
Wyatt Lawrence*
Hart Adson*
Acouetey Annie*
The vast and largely unexplored marine environment represents a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antimicrobial potential. Marine organisms, ranging from microorganisms to macroalgae and invertebrates, have evolved unique chemical defense mechanisms to survive in diverse and competitive habitats. These adaptations have led to the production of a wide array of secondary metabolites with potent antimicrobial properties. The growing threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the diminishing efficacy of traditional antibiotics have intensified the search for novel antimicrobial agents from marine sources. This exploration holds promise for discovering new drugs that can combat resistant infections and expand our arsenal of antimicrobial therapies. Marine-derived bioactive compounds are characterized by their structural diversity and novel modes of action, which differentiate them from terrestrial natural products and synthetic antibiotics. The unique conditions of the marine environment, such as high pressure, varying temperatures, and distinct ecological interactions, drive the biosynthesis of these compounds.
Prince Moye*
Antimicrobial resistance presents one of the most critical challenges to global health, as the ability of microorganisms to withstand treatment with antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics threatens the effectiveness of standard therapies. The alarming rise of AMR has spurred significant research into innovative approaches to combat this phenomenon. This comprehensive review explores various groundbreaking strategies being developed to overcome antimicrobial resistance, focusing on novel antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage therapy, microbiome modulation, nanotechnology, and the utilization of artificial intelligence in drug discovery. Furthermore, phages can be genetically modified to enhance their bactericidal activity or to carry additional genes that degrade bacterial resistance mechanisms. Clinical trials and case studies have demonstrated the potential of phage therapy in treating infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics, highlighting its promise as a tool against AMR.
Hoerauf Ana*
Achim Melo*
James Hessburg*
Andres Pastor*
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant global health crisis, threatening the efficacy of existing antibiotics and leading to an urgent need for innovative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Nanotechnology, the science of manipulating materials at the nanoscale, offers promising solutions to enhance antimicrobial efficacy. Through the development of nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, and nanocarriers, researchers are exploring novel approaches to improve the delivery, potency, and selectivity of antimicrobial agents. This article delves into the role of nanotechnology in enhancing antimicrobial efficacy, focusing on the mechanisms by which nanomaterials overcome resistance, their applications in various fields, and the challenges and future prospects of this rapidly evolving technology. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties that differentiate them from bulk materials, including increased surface area, enhanced reactivity, and the ability to interact with biological systems at the molecular level. These properties make nanoparticles highly effective as antimicrobial agents. Metal-based nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide, are among the most extensively studied for their antimicrobial activity.
Montalvo Andrea*
Journal of Antimicrobial Agents received 444 citations as per Google Scholar report
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