Journal of Animal Health and Behavioural Science

Veterinary services conserve and maintain animal life, improve the living conditions of human beings through improving rural livelihoods, feeding; veterinary services also address global health crises by preventing risks such as emerging pandemic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, contamination of foods and environmental health problems at their origin. The purpose of this policy brief is to analyze the way veterinary organizations provide services and to propose an optimal organization for veterinary services in developing countries the current situation of veterinary institutions in developing countries can't counter the challenge related to animal health and productivity. As a result, reorganization, amalgamation, merging and consolidation of veterinary health services (veterinary clinics, slaughterhouses, quarantine and veterinary markets) together with the construction of closer veterinary service facilities the construction of common areas will help institutions to strengthen cooperation among different veterinarians, which is the first steps for the implementation of a one health platform and multidisciplinary activities. The improvement and reorganization of the veterinary services institutions will also help the veterinary clinics easily obtain various medical chemicals such as blood and rumen from abattoirs, enhance the surveillance of livestock diseases, enable the community to buy healthy animals from the animal market and help to reduce economic waste. The services can be performed by a small number of veterinarians through a model of specific areas common to all veterinary services. This model improves the skills and knowledge of veterinarians in all aspects of veterinary medicine and saves students and researchers time. Communities or customers can save time by getting all veterinary services at once. It saves budget on purchasing medical equipment and medicines at each location and avoid expiration dates on medicines. This model is the latest solution to the global health crisis and should be implemented in the near future to combat the emergence and re-emergence of new pathogenic microorganisms.

The study of social hierarchies in canids, particularly wolves and domestic dogs, provides valuable insights into their evolutionary and behavioral adaptations within group dynamics. Both species share a common ancestor but have diverged significantly due to their distinct ecological and social environments. Understanding their respective social structures, hierarchies and dynamics not only sheds light on their natural behaviors but also informs our approach to managing and interacting with these animals, particularly in domestic settings.

Maintaining cardiovascular health in horses is crucial for optimizing performance and ensuring overall well-being. Exercise plays a pivotal role in enhancing cardiovascular fitness, influencing adaptations such as increased cardiac output, improved oxygen utilization and enhanced muscular endurance. This mini-review explores the physiological responses of the equine cardiovascular system to different exercise regimens, including endurance training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Diagnostic tools and markers of cardiovascular fitness are discussed, highlighting their role in assessing and monitoring equine cardiovascular health. Practical insights into tailoring exercise programs to individual needs and capabilities are provided, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to promoting cardiovascular resilience in horses.

Pain management in veterinary medicine is a critical aspect of ensuring the welfare and comfort of animals undergoing procedures, recovering from illness or injury, or managing chronic conditions. The protocols and approaches used vary widely across veterinary practices, influenced by factors such as the type of practice (general vs. specialty), available resources, practitioner experience and evolving research in veterinary pain management. Veterinary professionals are increasingly recognizing the importance of effectively managing pain in animals, not only to alleviate suffering but also to promote faster recovery and improve overall outcomes. However, implementing optimal pain management protocols requires a comprehensive understanding of animal physiology, pharmacology and individual patient needs.

Environmental enrichment plays a pivotal role in enhancing the behavioral welfare of captive chimpanzees. This mini-review examines the impact of various enrichment strategies on chimpanzee behavior, emphasizing their role in promoting species-typical behaviors, reducing abnormal behaviors and improving overall welfare. Through an exploration of current research and case studies, this review highlights effective enrichment techniques, challenges in implementation and future directions for improving the well-being of chimpanzees in captivity.