Archives of Surgical Oncology

Dicer is that the key component of the RNA interference pathway. In 2008, our group reported that Dicer knockdown led to DNA damage accumulation in mammalian cells. Subsequently, two groups showed that Dicer-dependent small RNAs produced from the sequences in the vicinity of DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites were essential for homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. Recently, we found that Dicer is associated with SIRT7 and is required for DNA damage-induced chromatin relaxation by promoting H3K18Ac DE acetylation, decreased Dicer expression inhibited non-homologous end joining by preventing chromatin relaxation at DSB sites. Moreover, we demonstrated that Dicer knockdown and overexpression increased and decreased respectively, the chemo sensitiv¬ity of colon cancer cells, and that Dicer protein expression in colon cancer tissues of patients was directly correlated with chemo resis¬tance. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Dicer expression may improve chemotherapy effects for patients with colon cancer, and possibly other cancers.

There is a huge void in cancer screening and prevention worldwide. Many improvements have been achieved in the five-year survival and cure rate of cancers of the colon, ovary, prostate, childhood leukemias, among others. Most cancer are slow growing, which gives us the opportunity for early detection. In cancer statistics, the earlier the stage the better the outcome. Thus, a five-year survival of stage one ovarian cancer is over 95% while for stage four, it is less than 5%. Unfortunately, the area of cancer screening and early detection is the most deficient in most healthcare systems. Most of the screening and prevention programs are in the hands of general practitioners and family physicians who lack propertraining and are busy treating other conditions (common cold, diarrhea, pregnancy, arthritis cardiovascular diseases, among others). The US and other countries’ health systems don't have a screening system for most treatable cancers. CitiScreen is here to fill that void. We developed a screening algorithm for most common treatable cancers using the disease’s prevalence, patient’s age and family history, geneticrisk factor, among other parameters.

In just over 20 years since the invention of the primary microRNA (miRNA), the sphere of miRNA biology has swollen significantly. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in development and sickness, significantly in cancer, have created miRNAs enticing tools and targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Useful studies have confirmed that miRNA dis regulation is causative in several cases of cancer, with miRNAs acting as neoplasm suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs), and miRNA mimics and molecules targeted at miRNAs (antimiRs) have shown promise in pre symptomatic development. many miRNA-targeted medicine have reached clinical development, together with a mimic of the neoplasm suppressor miRNA miR-34, that reached phase I clinical trials for treating cancer, and anti miRs targeted at miR-122, that reached clinical trial trials for treating liver disease. During this article, we tend to describe recent advances in our understanding of miRNAs in cancer and in alternative diseases and supply an outline of current miRNA medicine within the clinic. we tend to conjointly discuss the challenge of distinctive the foremost efficacious therapeutic candidates and supply a perspective on achieving safe and targeted delivery of miRNA medicine.

Treating diseases using regenerative medicine holds a great promise with the development of various kinds of stem cells, be it embryonic stem cells, induce pluripotent cells or parthenogenetic stem cells. The above have a great limitation because of cost factor, number of personnel required along with need for immunotherapy with fear of transplant rejection for ESC’s. Thus in the therapies last decade how stem cells interact with their support niche, namely the microenvironment of stem cells has markedly improved our basics in this field. Hence therapies directed towards resident stem cells are already in clinical trials. They may be gradually used more extensively in regenerative medicine, chronic degenerative disease, obesity and cancer. Problems and challenges in this include assigning the tissue specificity of any intervention, to ensure quality of repair in long term along with avoiding side effects like carcinogenesis. Therapies involving developmental pathways like Wnt, Hedgehog or notch signaling may be teratogenic or carcinogenic. Having broader therapeutic window maybe justified in case of conditions like cancer. Most successful regenerative medicine treatment involving endogenous repair will prove to be combination therapies. Thus targeting the niche is complementary to approach, which targets stem cells directly and in long term apply those are different times to effect recovery on the basis of dynamics of stem cell–niche interactions.

Radical Nephrectomy is the gold standard surgical approach for T3a Renal Cell Carcinomas. However, a small but not insignificant number of patients pre-operatively staged cT1/cT2 are treated with a partial nephrectomy but at final pathology are subsequently upstaged to pT3a. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney malignant growth that begins in the covering of the proximal tangled tubule, a piece of the exceptionally little cylinders in the kidney that transport essential pee. RCC is the most widely recognized sort of kidney malignancy in grown-ups, liable for roughly 90–95% of cases.RCC event shows a male predomiance over ladies with a proportion of 1.5:1. RCC most normally happens somewhere in the range of sixth and seventh decade of life.