Arts and Social Sciences Journal

Wind exposure is a significant environmental risk factor that can impact the sustainable development of small towns. The Zhambyl Region in Kazakhstan is particularly vulnerable to wind exposure due to its geographical location and climate. This article explores the potential risks posed by wind exposure to small towns in the Zhambyl Region and discusses strategies for mitigating these risks to ensure sustainable development. The Zhambyl Region is located in southern Kazakhstan and is characterized by its continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The region is known for its strong winds, which can pose significant challenges to small towns' sustainable development. Wind exposure can damage infrastructure, disrupt economic activities, and threaten the well-being of residents.

Sustainable agriculture is essential for ensuring food security, preserving natural resources, and mitigating climate change. Governmental assistance programs play a crucial role in supporting farmers in adopting sustainable practices. This organized review examines the literature on governmental assistance programs for sustainable agriculture, highlighting key findings and identifying gaps for future research. Sustainable agriculture aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Governmental assistance programs play a vital role in promoting sustainable agriculture by providing financial incentives, technical support, and educational resources to farmers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing literature on governmental assistance programs for sustainable agriculture.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to governments worldwide, requiring effective communication strategies to mitigate the spread of the virus and its impact on public health. This scoping review aims to examine the communication strategies adopted by political leaders in highly infected countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. By synthesizing existing literature, this review seeks to identify key themes and strategies employed by political leaders to communicate critical information to the public, manage public perceptions, and promote adherence to public health guidelines. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges for political leaders worldwide, requiring effective communication strategies to manage the crisis. This scoping review examines the communication strategies employed by political leaders in highly infected countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review aims to identify key themes, strategies, and challenges in political communication during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of clear, transparent, and science-based messaging in combating the spread of the virus.

Disease spreading in social systems is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors, including the structure of social networks. This article provides an analysis of the crucial function of networks in explaining the dynamics of disease spreading in social systems. It examines how different network structures affect the spread of diseases, the role of key network metrics in predicting disease transmission, and the implications for public health interventions.

Pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Germany. The introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has led to a reduction in pneumococcal disease burden. However, demographic changes, such as an aging population, can influence the future disease burden. This study aims to assess the combined effect of PCV13 vaccination and demographic changes on the future pneumococcal disease burden in Germany using an integrated probabilistic differential equation approach.