Bioceramics Development and Applications

Implant-associated infection is a common postoperative complication and remains a serious problem in the surgery. This work describes the development of hydroxyapatite implants with photo-bactericidal properties by the surface coating. The unique coating as crystalline nanoparticles of IR photosensitizers of implant was investigated using infrared spectroscopy. It has been proved that by the interaction of nanoparticles covering implant with the polar solvent, which simulates the interaction of the implant with the biocomponents in vivo (fast proliferating and with immune-competent cells), IR photosensitizers nanoparticles change the spectroscopic properties, becoming fluorescent and phototoxic. Thus, the developed coating based on crystalline IR photosensitizer nanoparticles with studied specific properties should have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effect by the photodynamic treatment in the near implant area. This research opens the prospect of such technology application in order to provide the local inflammatory and autoimmune reactions prevention in the area of implantation that will improve implant antimicrobial effects and reduce potential long-term cytotoxicity. The results of the study suggest a promising this technology in order to create implants with photo-bactericidal properties.

This paper focused on the action of looking at a mobile phone display as a type of nonverbal behavior/ communication and compared it cross-culturally. The diversity of nonverbal behavior/communication was considered to be caused by the difference between Western and non-Western cultures. The questionnaire was conducted in three countries (the USA, Hong Kong and Japan), and a total of 309 subjects participated. The participants were required to record their opinions for the action according to the situation with ‘co-present’ familiar persons. The analysis declared that the difference between the USA and Japan was more pronounced as the relationship with the ‘co-present’ person was more intimate. The results of the Hong Kong sample were intermediate between those of the other two countries. The diversity was discussed in terms of independent/interdependent self in the perspective of cultural comparison and of mobile phone usage. The analysis revealed that the action as a form of nonverbal behavior/communication has functioned in human relationships and has been deeply embedded into culture in the mobile phone era.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or a cavity, remains a major public health problem in the most communities even though the prevalence of disease has decreased since the introduction of fluorides for dental care. In addition, there is dental erosion, which is a chemical wear of the dental hard tissues without the involvement of bacteria. Besides, there are other dental losses, which may be of a medical (decay or periodontal disease), age (population aging), traumatic (accident) or genetic (disorders) nature. All these cases clearly indicate that biomaterials to fill dental defects appear to be necessary to fulfill customers’ needs regarding the properties and the processing of the products. Bioceramics and glass-ceramics are widely used for these purposes, as dental inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns or bridges. Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO ) belong to bioceramics but they have some specific advantage over other types of bioceramics due to a chemical similarity to the inorganic part of both human and mammalian bones and teeth. Therefore, CaPO (both alone and as constituents of various formulations) are used in dentistry as both dental fillers and implantable scaffolds. This review provides brief knowledge on CaPO and describes in details current state-of-the-art on their applications in dentistry and dentistry-related fields. Among the recognized dental specialties, CaPO are most frequently used in periodontics; however, the majority of the publications on CaPO in dentistry are devoted to unspecified “dental” fields.

The surgical saws were developed from 3% Y-TZP and 12% Ce-ZrO2 powders. The specimens were isostatic pressed and sintered conventionally. The saw-teeth were machined by CNC machine using diamond tool. The investigation includes the raise in temperature in bone tissue during cutting process with respect to increase in cutting speed and pressure. Thermal damage of bone tissue would be harmful in case of recovery. The rise in temperature during cutting of bone by ceramic saw was compared with stainless steel saw. The significantly lower temperature during bone cutting, excellent corrosion resistance after sterilization, hardness, wear and abrasive resistance properties show the advantages of 3Y-TZP ceramic saws in orthopedic surgeries.

The present research is an applied and documental review of the literature through meta-analysis. The statistical population was selected from the field of entrepreneurial performance in small and medium sized enterprises during 2003 to 2013 in which the internal/external effective factors for small/medium incorporates were quantitatively investigated. The findings of frequency distribution Table indicated that only (4) percent of the conducted studies focused on external factors while (96) percent of which were conducted in the internal factors domain. In addition, most of the studies were devoted to the two issues of human resources and research and development which were (26) percent. Moreover, there was no research related to the incorporate size and the status of consultative researchoriented unions and incorporates.

Myanmars mobile network is closing in on nearly 100% population coverage, and is striving for ever increasing geographical coverage. So much so that even future generations of water buffalo in remote areas will be tracked online as part of the “internet of things”, said Lars Erik Tellmann, CEO of Telenor Myanmar.