Business and Economics Journal

The evolution of capital structure is a critical area of study within corporate finance, reflecting how firms balance debt and equity to optimize their financial performance and strategic goals. This paper examines the historical trends and determinants influencing capital structure in the modern economy. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical data, we identify key factors such as market conditions, regulatory environments, technological advancements, and firm-specific characteristics that shape capital structure decisions. Our analysis highlights the dynamic nature of capital structures and provides insights into how contemporary economic shifts influence corporate financing strategies.

This paper explores the determinants of economic growth in developing countries, analysing both the drivers and barriers to sustained growth. Using a panel data set covering 50 developing countries from 1995 to 2020, we employ an econometric model to identify key factors influencing growth, such as investment in human capital, infrastructure development, political stability, and trade openness. Our results indicate that while investment in education and infrastructure are significant drivers of economic growth, political instability and inadequate institutions pose substantial barriers. The findings suggest that policy interventions aimed at enhancing education, infrastructure, and governance are crucial for fostering long-term economic growth in developing countries.

This paper investigates the effects of minimum wage policies on employment rates in developing economies. Utilizing a panel data set from 20 developing countries over the period from 2000 to 2020, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to assess the impact of minimum wage increases on employment levels across various sectors. Our findings suggest that while minimum wage hikes can lead to short-term employment reductions in the formal sector, the long-term effects are mitigated by increased productivity and consumer demand.

The choice between debt and equity financing is a fundamental decision for businesses, impacting their risk profile, cost of capital, and overall financial health. This paper analyses the optimal capital structure for businesses by examining the advantages and disadvantages of debt and equity financing. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical data, we identify key factors that influence capital structure decisions and provide insights into how businesses can navigate the complexities of financing to maximize shareholder value and sustain longterm growth.