Chemical Sciences Journal

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the global population and there is close relationship between rice eaters and the prevalence of diabetes. Among the landraces, ‘Kavuni’ is considered as a traditional brownish black variety which is extensively cultivated in the southern part of India, Tamil Nadu. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is among the first State Agricultural University to release therapeutic rice in 2023 as Co.57. This study aimed to identify and quantify the major anti-diabetic compounds present in Kavuni rice grain extracted using various solvents. Metabolite profiling using LC-QTOF-MS analysis has revealed that 31 phytochemicals detected among them anthocyanins and flavonoids are predominant. Ethanolic extract of Kavuni rice grain had the highest concentration of anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (61.31 ± 0.04 mg/g). The highest antioxidant activities in the ethanolic extract of Kavuni rice were detected as 89.51 ± 0.1% and 82.97 ± 0.09% measured using anti-oxidant assays. Further, Kavuni rice had the highest inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) 82.30% and 70.21%, respectively. The data clearly demonstrated that land race “Kavuni” carries phytochemicals that are known to regular postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting anti-diabetic enzyme could lower the risk of developing Type-2 diabetes.

A highly efficient, solvent-free and versatile greener protocol was developed for the synthesis of coumarins from resorcinol an ethyl acetoacetate via Pechmann condensation using heterogeneous recyclable FeCl₃/MCM41 catalyst. This method is simple, cost effective, and benefits from the elimination of waste streams generated with conventional acid catalysts. The influence of catalyst calcination temperature as well as various solvent on conversion and product selectivity has also been studied in this work. The developed FeCl₃/ MCM41 catalysts showed excellent catalytic performance with 60%-75% yields for coumarins, depending on the catalyst pretreatment and reaction conditions used. Moreover, FeCl₃/MCM41 catalyst treated at 400°C can be reused efficiently for five times without a significant loss of its activity, which was attributed to synergistic effects of metal-support interactions, especially unique acid-redox properties of FeCl₃.

All the compounds (CH-69 to CH-84) were evaluated for their cytostatic activity against human HeLa cervix carcinoma cells, human CEM CD4þ T-lymphocytes as well as murine L1210 cells. All assays were performed in 96 well microtiter plates. To each well were added (5-7.5) × 10⁴ tumor cells and a given amount of the test compound. The cells were allowed to proliferate for 48 h (murine leukemia L1210 cells) or 72 h (human lymphocytic CEM and human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells) at 37^°C in a humidified CO₂ controlled atmosphere. At the end of the incubation period, the cells were counted in a coulter counter. The IC₅₀ (50% inhibitory concentration) was defined as the concentration of the compound that inhibited cell proliferation by 50%. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of a new series of 2-arylimidazo[2,1-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one against different MDCK cell cultures, HeLa cell cultures, vero cell cultures, CRFK cell cultures is reported. Among the tested compounds, inhibitory effects of compounds (CH-69 to CH-84) on the proliferation of murine leukemia cells (L1210) and human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa).

Steel and iron are the most seriously utilized metals because of their reasonableness; nonetheless, they are defenseless to erosion (rust), which is a worldwide pestilence.

New bromazepam derivatives namely; 7-bromo-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepine -2-thione and 7-bromo-1-(4,6- dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepin-2-one have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-visible and EI-mass). Furthermore, the fluorometric method has been developed to detect bromazepam in biological fluid. The new methods are based on measuring excitation and emission spectra of the reaction of bromazepam with cyanuric chloride in pyridine solution compared with excitation and emission spectra free bromazepam in methanolic solution.

Aflatoxin producing substances are extremely dangerous to humans and can result in cancer when taken in foods contaminated with aflatoxin. In this study, the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) in samples of maize collected from several Shebelle Zone districts were quantified. It was examined using a fluorescence detector and UHPLC. The extraction solvents (80:20 v/v percent) were methanol and water. Standard solutions of aflatoxins between 0.5 and 7 g/kg (ppb) demonstrated strong linearity from the calibration curve with regression coefficient (R²) values of >0.9989. The spiked sample average percentage recoveries ranged from 89.78 to 97.87 percent. The average total aflatoxin values in the maize samples from K1, K2, and K3 were 0.14, 356.19, and 174.05 g/kg, respectively. Except for K1, all of the investigated maize samples had aflatoxin levels that above the upper tolerance limits established by international agencies like WHO, and the EU.

The present paper reports the simple, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Perindopril erbumine and Amlodipine besylate in bulk and formulated drug substance. The reverse phase liquid chromatographic analysis has been performed on a Kromasil C8 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µ particle size) column with mobile phase Buffer (6.8 g Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate) and Acetonitrile in the ratio 59:41 with adjusted pH 2.6 with orthophosphoric acid and column oven temperature 40°C. The flow rate of mobile phase was adjusted 1.0 ml/min. and the injection volume 10 µl. Detection was performed at 210 nm. The retention time of Perindopril erbumine and Amlodipine Besylate were found to be 4.483 min. and 6.767 min, the linearity was observed in the concentration range from 20% to 160% of nominal concentration of Perindopril erbumine and Amlodipine Besylate correlation coefficient was 0.999 for both drugs. The % recovery was found to be within the limits of the acceptance criteria with average recovery of 99.4% for perindopril erbumine and 99.6% for Amlodipine besylate. The % RSD below 2.0 shows high precision of proposed method.