Journal of Global Economics

This paper uses new survey data on foreign exchange expectations for Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay to test the hypothesis of unbiasedness. The pattern emerging is revealing: only Argentinean forecasts are unbiased predictors of exchange rate movements, while agents err systematically for Brazil and Uruguay. We argue that the systematic intervention of the Argentinean Central Bank in the foreign exchange market is likely to explain this result, as it simplifies the forecast exercise in that market. As long as the requirements to predict well are simple, agents perform well. If instead the exchange rate determination model is intricate, expectation failures arise.

Empirical Kuznets Curves (EKC) usually implies an inverted U-shaped relationship between a pollutant and per capita GDP growth. We initially find an inverted U-shaped EKC between CO2 emissions and per capita GDP for the period 1960 to 2004. However, once accounting for a major uprising in 1988 in Myanmar, we can identify two different growth regimes. This structural break changes the nature of the EKC relationship.

This paper investigates regional savings-investment correlation between 1999 and 2009 within the small and highly open economy of Bulgaria. Results confirm low correlation between regional savings and investment rates. Regional capital mobility has increased over time and openness has a positive effect on regional investment.

The purpose of this paper is to identify different patterns of economic development among the countries (222 countries/territories) in the world. The economic development was based on both economic growth (quantitative) and quality of life (qualitative) respectively. Several patterns of economic growth were identified: knowledge-based, trade-based, savings-based (resource/oil rich-based) and ethnic-religiously affected. The knowledge-based economy was found most predominant pattern of economic growth, followed by the trade-based. Neither the savings-based nor the ethnic-religiously affected pattern was found significant in affecting economic growth. The knowledge-based and trade-based patterns of economic growth have positive effects on both objective and subjective quality of life as well as on reducing conflict, domestic and international. Ethnic-religious fractionalization increases poverty level and unequal distribution of income, while the oil-richness increases conflict and relative deprivation. Although the dominance of the knowledge-based economy does diminish the effect of the 'traditional' pattern of the free-trade on economic growth, these two patterns are all significant in enhancing economic growth and quality of life. Countries featured with the patterns of ‘diseconomies' (savings-based/oil-richness, ethnic religiously-affected) need to follow suit to catch up with the most successful patterns of economic growth. When/if these countries, developing or developed, pursue policies for economic development, each of the variables out of which the patterns of the knowledge-based as well as the trade-based economy were built should be cross-national comparatively examined for their respective strengths.

This paper examines the political and economic vulnerabilities behind the Arab Uprising. Social justice and the provision of basic needs were at the top of the demands of the revolutions in Arab Word. Arab who took to the streets sought to topple a regime, which failed to deliver on political and economic reforms, and applied policies that increased poverty and inequality. Three years after the revolutions, the record of the Arab governments in meeting the socio-economic demands of the revolutions is mixed, at best. Not a few numbers of scholars have noted that the socio-economic policies of the current government do not differ from those of previous regimes with their bias towards the interests of the business class, failure to address social injustices, and dependency on western capital and International Financial Institutions' prescriptions. The question is: why hasn’t the revolution achieved its goals? And why do the new governments continue to face crisis after crisis?

The accounting standards pervasiveness, in coexistence with the earliest civilizations, argues the accounting social dimension as a rule that governs relations between individuals. Therefore, accounting techniques as social norms and kind reflection vector describe the society conventions and principles. This societal reflects made it more complex and esoteric. Accounting seems a buildings assortment, historically dated and generating economic effects as a mechanism for tracking and remote monitoring the economic activity evolution. Accounting science is rooted, it is no longer neutral. In this sense, it would be more a gradually building steeped in cultural influences, social conflict and political issues and choices. Given the economic activities complexity and the interest deregulation, accounting sciences remain as an analysis tool for major conflicts, differences, and each party opportunistic concerns. A management tool for vertical relationships, guided by personal preferences and attitudes which each consider meditation to increase its profit margin and its timeliness. In this environment, information has become the success secret and a profit source.

The health economics now a days been higher around the world where each and every individual spends a lot in it. This paper explains the current statistics on health economics and outcome research in the current scenario around the world. All the information with statistical analysis was explained out clearly in pictorial representations. Business generation for health economics has shown higher around the world.