Global Journal of Technology and Optimization

A sudden drop in pressure causes vapour and gas bubbles to form within a liquid medium (alsocalled cavitation). This causes a slew of (important) engineering issues, including material loss, noise, and vibration of hydraulic machinery. Cavitation, on the other hand, is a potentially useful phenomenon: extreme conditions are increasingly being used for a wide range of applications, including surface cleaning, enhanced chemistry, and wastewater treatment (bacteria eradication and virus inactivation). Despite these significant advances, there is still a significant gap between our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the effects of cavitation and its application.

Threats to global food security have been widely publicised, including population growth, ageing farming populations, meat consumption trends, climate-change effects on abiotic and biotic stresses, and the environmental impacts of agriculture. Furthermore, with increasing pest, disease, and weed tolerance, traditional crop genetic and protective chemistry technologies of the 'Green Revolution' are under increasing strain. To alleviate the burden of these challenges, efforts have been made to automate and robotize aspects of the farming process. This drive has typically focused on higher-value sectors, such as horticulture and viticulture, which have historically relied on seasonal manual labour to maintain produce supply.