Global Journal of Technology and Optimization

Large Rocket engine nozzles performance deteriorate because of asymmetric flow separation that lead to side loads. The dual-bell nozzle is a promising two operating modes nozzle which consists of a base nozzle with low area ratio and a nozzle extension with high area ratio. Although the dual-bell nozzle improves the performance of large rocket engines, it suffers from side loads that occur during the transition between the two operating modes. This paper presents and assess a new nozzle that consist of backward facing steps to minimize/eliminate side loads. The backward facing steps geometry guarantees fixed stable local separation at the steps edges at all altitudes, thus eliminates the possibility of side loads as the rocket ascends. The assessment of the nozzle performance is carried out using CFD simulation of turbulent Navier-Stokes equations solver (fluent 14.5). The computed results for both dual-bell and backward facing steps nozzles are compared with the dual-bell nozzle experimental data.

In today competitive trade world, the managers most important concern are to make their firms viable and looking effective tools for decision making in the complex business world. This paper describes a hierarchical multi objective production-distribution planing problem under fuzzy random environment. A mathematical model is presented to describe the purpose problem. To deal the uncertain environment, the fuzzy random variables are first transformed into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and by using the expected value operation, the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are subsequently defuzzified. For solving the multi-objective problem a weighted sum base genetic algorithm is applied. Finally, the result of a numerical example are presented to demonstrate the practical and efficiency of the optimized model.