Hydrology: Current Research

The efficiency of CO₂ infrared (IR) laser irradiation to disinfect water containing E. cloacae and B. subtilis endospores was determined and compared to ultraviolet (UV) treatment. Cell viability decreased with IR laser treatment for E. cloacae; however, increased viable cell concentrations were observed in B. subtilis endospores. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the chemometric method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to examine cell changes. Increased carbohydrate content was observed in E. cloacae after IR laser treatment.

Urban rivers are important physical elements and important ecological corridors. They not only play important ecological roles but also supply bases of stability, comfort, and sustainability in urban development. Due to the complex interaction between inner and outer elements of urban river landscapes, it is necessary to use the theory of landscape ecology to analyze the pattern, function, context, fragmentation and temporal change of urban river landscapes with appropriate scale. It will support the management and sustainable development of urban rivers. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the urban river landscapes from landscape ecological perspective. This paper firstly reviews the relevant studies in urban river landscapes, and then it carries out the research on the pattern of river corridors and river networks and the service functions. Next, it probes into the river landscape dynamic change at pattern and function aspects and the scale of relative study. Specially, because urban rivers are widely influenced by human activities, so this paper analyzes the disturbance of urban rivers further. This paper has proposed a basal framework for the research on urban rivers by the use of fundamental topics including pattern, function and dynamic change and so on in landscape ecology. It will play a directive role to understand urban rivers, resolve the water environment problems and to realize the sustainable development of urban river resources.

The nonliving biomass of Pseudomonas oleovorans was used for the removal of Nickel and Copper from their single and binary solutions. The optimum conditions such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and biomass dose were determined experimentally. q max and ‘b’ values for Ni(II) were 95.6 mg/g and 0.010 and for Cu(II) 137.5 mg/g and 0.008 respectively. The removal of the metals was studied in binary metal systems also. The developed method was applied for the removal of the metals from the wastewater samples. The investigations on the speciation of the metals revealed that both Ni and Cu exist as hydrated Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions and precipitates of Ni(OH) 2 and Cu(OH) 2 at different pH ranges.