Irrigation & Drainage Systems Engineering

Efficient water use becomes an important issue in recent years because of the lack of available water resources in some areas is increasing and a serious problem. Globally and more particularly in developing Countries, changing water availability and quality is a complex problem, and management options are not easy. Therefore Partial rootzone drying is a practice of using irrigation to alternately wet and dry (at least) two spatially prescribed parts of the plant root system to simultaneously maintain plant water status at maximum water potential and control vegetative growth for seasonal plant development. The experiment was conducted on the 2017/2018 irrigation season at the irrigation scheme of Sekota woreda. Three irrigation methods alternating furrow irrigation (AFI), conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), and fixed furrow irrigation were verified on separate plots. The design of the experiment was RCBD with four farmers as replications. Each irrigation method was used a 75% amount of irrigation water for five days irrigation interval for verified irrigated onion. The results show that total irrigation water applied in the AFI and FFI treatment was roughly half (3038 m3) that applied to the CFI treatment (6078 m3). There was a significant reduction in irrigation water used with the AFI but a non-significant reduction on the onion yield production. The AFI water productivity was astatically significantly different from FFI and CFI. The water productivity obtained 4.05 kg m-3 with AFI and 3.16 kg m-3 with FFI which was nearly double the 2.15 kg m-3 with CFI. Alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) is gaining interest as a means of saving water while minimizing loss in crop production. In the AFI system, the total water used was half of the CFI system. Rather than using 6076 m3/ha of water for 1 hectare in the CFI system, it is possible to double the irrigated area to 2 hectares in the AFI system. The onion needs a high amount of irrigation water during the development stage, but in the FFI system, as half of the root stays dry throughout the growth period, continuous stress significantly reduces fresh bulb yield.

Performance assessment of irrigation systems plays a big role to evaluate the productivity of schemes. Such practices could help to design possible intervention mechanisms that could be made to improve the performance of the schemes. Consequently, the aim of the study is to assess the performance of small scale irrigation systems in Dangila Woreda, to know the achievement of the schemes, the performance of system operations, and the causes that leads to under- or over-performance of these small-scale irrigation schemes.This study was conducted to assess the performances of schemes through three major categories of indicators including: (i) engineering, (ii) water use and, (iii) physical performances indicators. The outcome of water delivery performance ratio of Ashar, Zuma-1, Upper Quashine and Zuma-2 were found 0.56, 0.58, 0.87 and 0.95 respectively. From The physical performance indicators, Zuma-1, upper Quashine, Zuma-2 and Ashar which had 30, 14, 10 and 4.55 percent of command area of the schemes were under irrigation and 90, 86, 93 and 95.45 percent of the schemes were sustainable respectively. The effectiveness of structures of all schemes dictates that high system maintenance was required.

Due to the efficient use of irrigated lands in Azerbaijan, irrigation is delayed due to irrigation, mineral and organic fertilizers, accurate regulation of irrigation norms and
methods, and in some cases changes, including water and mineral food, air and carbon dioxide. and that is the basis of management and is characteristic and attractive.
It is very difficult to influence the light and heat entering the plant. However, it is possible to increase and decrease the temperature on the ground surface and in the upper
soil.
Optimal water supply allows the plant to form a large leaf surface, which enables it to be better oriented to the light. At the same time, it provides for the efficient use of light
energy and provides its development phases.
As you know, dynamic programming allows you to accurately define the numerous tasks of optimization.
It is important to note that decisions for managing development processes that have been determined over time must be made at every step.