International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences

The impact of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) penalties on financial performance has not been explored in detail, and more empirical research in the area is needed. One empirical study looked at the impact of EPA penalties on earnings. They found that higher EPA penalties lead to lower earnings, therefore having an additional negative financial impact on the firm and forcing firms to behave more responsibly in environmental matters.

In this article (developing a previous contribution on the analyses by Marx and Sraffa) it is suggested that, when one tries to integrate the surplus approach with the Keynesian perspective, an ideal choice is to take as given circumstance the rate of labor exploitation rather than wage. The reason for this decision rests on the features of Sraffa’s Standard Commodity in the context of joint production, a technological-economical setting which in turn, it is argued, cannot be neglected as a special, unusual and, perhaps, prima facie negligible case but is and has always been the normal condition for economic systems.

Energy consumption in Ethiopia has been the lowest compared to several developing countries. The country needs to diversify its energy sector and develop other energy sources such as wind, geothermal and solar. The present energy mix greatly increases vulnerability to climate change and the poorest segment of the population is the most vulnerable. Recognizing that formulation of sound economic development and environmental sustainability policy needs knowing the relationship among energy use, economic growth and environmental quality. This paper provides a comprehensive review of “Interaction among Energy Consumption, Growth and Environment in Ethiopian Economy”. Finally, this paper helps the researchers as well as the government officials to find pin point unforeseen issues that need to be considered while planning development policy regarding energy along with proposing recommendations.