International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences

The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between sorghum prices and markets integration in Sudan. Other objective is to check the presence or absence of causality between the cointegrated markets if any present. In this study, monthly sorghum prices for a period of years from 2002 to 2010 for eight markets in different parts of Sudan were tested spatially; A group of five markets in peaceful regions linked with a net of paved roads and shared good trade information flow were tested in addition to three markets in western Sudan, where poor infrastructures and political strife prevails as a result of civil conflicts.

This book basically deals with unemployment and social issues across the globe and how social entrepreneurship can play vital role in solving above problem at global level. Social entrepreneurs, society and communities have power to generate employment and social welfare. Social entrepreneur have power to do social work, improve quality of life, work life balance and sustainable social development with employment of power through Incorporating business models, strategy and empowerment. Incorporating business models and strategies into social entrepreneurship helps to face social responsibility, social ethics, business ethics and corporate governance. Community development and growth is the major theme of work. Book has well written forwarding letter from Henry Wissink (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) that support to understand the book in brief. There are four sections in the book namely understanding social entrepreneurship, business models, strategies and global trends. Full book is further divided into sixteen chapters. The book is organized in a very systematic manner with an understandable language which shows author’s rich experience and knowledge in the field. Sequential presentation of contents, list of figures, list of tables, list of abbreviations, and list of photographs, proper indexing and complete notes helps readers to gain a better understanding and encourages future reading. This book is an essential reference for consultant, professionals, academicians, students, social workers, research scholar, government officers, entrepreneurs and policymakers etc.

In Learning to Think Strategically, Julia Sloan examines the relationship between strategic thinking and the continuous learning. The book is a primer on how to think strategically. It traces the history of strategy, differentiates strategic thinking from planning, describes the influence of culture, streamlines the roles of rationality and intuition and identifies the key ways of learning to think strategically. Julia Sloan asserts - based on her continuous-learning, teaching, research and consultancy experience - that learning can transform thinking strategically into sustainable competitive advantage. The book links strategic thinking with continuous communication, knowledge management and engagement. Through its examination of personality development and strategic decision-making it promotes selfanalysis and understanding. It is written clearly and organized systematically, with good indexing, a full bibliography and thorough notes to help the reader to a full understanding of the topic. The book is a complete solution to learning how to think strategically, both for individuals and organizations. It will be particularly valuable to chief learning officers, human-resource and organizational-development specialists, senior line managers and students of HR.

The fact that we live in a world full of answers and very few questions, has allowed for certain disciplines -particularly economics- to construct their arguments and theories based on an imaginary world. From quantum physics we now know that the world is not as we thought it was. The world is not mechanic and not Cartesian, but organic and holistic. We are actually facing a perplexing reality. “This new “reality” is not based on matter anymore (matter is not made of matter) but relates to a fundamental immaterial connectedness obeying non deterministic laws. Reality is not “reality” but potentiality, which establishes and intimate, non-separable, non-reducible, holistic relationship between everything. Man is an integral and inseparable part of this more general, all-embracing immaterial reality.1 These fundamental messages have not reached the teaching of economics which is still anchored in the mechanical worldview of the 19th century. In order to open the new space into which economics should adapt itself, the essay presents four visions that attempt to answer what are probably the most important questions: Why do we exist? and What is the purpose of life? The paper ends with considerations about “Economics and Life” and “Economics for Life”. The conclusion is that drastic changes in the teaching and application of economics are fundamental for survival. 1Dürr H (2001) “The Crisis and Challenge of Globalization: Insights from Physics”. Max Planck Institut für Physik, München.

This article discusses the impact philosophical anthropology can have on management issues. Conceived as human openness and self-creation, philosophical anthropology exceeds the psychological limits on human understanding. The significant point stems from the fact that we are humans before becoming professionals (teachers, lawyers, managers, physicians, merchants, manufacturers, etc.). Can the unceasing self-formation of us, our beliefs, our attitude towards life, work, achievements, etc. be underestimated by a manager? Is he/she aware of his/her open and holistic philosophical anthropology dimensions, which occur to his/her, working personnel too? For example, is he/she correct when he manages humans based mainly on personality tests only? The negative answer arises out of the lack of detailed records on daily events or, often, due to interactions between managers and employees. Philosophical anthropology’s openness and self-actualization potential can be the basis of an enhanced managerial practice. The aforementioned insights interest the working personnel, the managers importantly, and the educators for a new era on business executives predominantly.

This study examines the long and short run relationship between public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria over the period of 1986-2014, using Johansen cointegration and error correction approach. Two components of public sector expenditure and gross capital formation ratio are derived from Cobb Douglas production function. The result shows recurrent expenditure is the major driver of economic growth in Nigeria. Controlling for the influence of non-oil revenue, this study shows a negative and significant long run relationship between economic growth (rgdpc) and recurrent expenditure coexists with a positive short run relationship, highlighting the dual effects of recurrent expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. For the capital expenditure, this study documents negative and significant long run effect of capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. The variance decomposition confirms the collective contribution of public expenditure on economic growth. The finding of this study have some policy implications for policyholders because it could be guide on effective utilization of public funds on rightful projects rather than spending it on enormous projects that will not translate into meaningful growth of the economy

Social structure and cultural practices are two indistinctive terms of the society. Social practice involves to social engagement, collaboration of a person, communities as per the social centric on the other hand cultural practices refer a culture that relates to a tradition or customs issues of a particular intention as the context of unabridged sense. This study is related to the social structure and cultural practices in slum the covers the area of North Bengal of Bangladesh slums especially in Rangpur zone. This study has been conducted by following the constructive and deliberate methodology with a view to acquiring gist and realistic figures. By the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS-v20) covers investigates with smidgens the frequency analysis, cross tabularization, chisquare, hypothesis testing. It is observe that from the point of view of social structure and cultural practices disputes the relocation people of the North Bengal of Bangladesh slums evolves 17% rickshaw puller, 1% garments worker, 2% motor worker, 12% construction worker, 2% hotel worker, 11% business, 9% hawker, 1% farmer, 11% day labor, 5% house maid and 29% others and the respondent maximum are from age 40-50 is 24%. It is found that 40% of the slum inhabitants came from the causes of poverty on the other hand 7% came to several uncertainty issues and the living standard are in under down stage. On the side of cultural concern them adopting their cultural issues by involving different acts like adherence clues life. It is a common phenomenon to use a mobile phone in many concerns of the cultural consistent and hawker classes of the slums are using Television and Radio for the cultural practices issue. It is acclaimed that to sustenance the major issues like supply pure water, ongoing education upkeep, creating the working opportunity of the slum dwellers, set up the accommodation problems riddance, high local government backing for the hygienic manner and matter evolving the pivotal concern of the basic issues slum dwellers. Open-handed more opportunities for NGO and Private Organization with the assimilation assistantship of the governmental can be the better stand to exterminate the problematical issues of the slums.

The transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development of local economies have all created the intrinsic need to increase regional indigenous innovation. Furthermore, the capacity of local self-dependent innovation should be determined based on efficient innovative resource aggregation and allocation. To those with a developmental tendency, the competition of mechanism and paths of innovative resource allocation has become a new target for regional competition in the new era. Many developed regions in China not only have considered efficient innovative resource allocation as one of the goals of their government function, but they also have established diversified path systems of innovative human resource aggregation allocation in their practice.

Community colleges' mission, purpose, and their role in the local environment are fundamental issues in today's educational environment. They face an increasingly complex environment that demands reconciling increased social obligations, rapid technological change and, public accountability with the limited resources. Community colleges encounter increasingly aggressive competition from other institutions, they which are threatening the very existence. This current environmental conflict poses a challenge for their survival and growth. Community colleges today claims to follow new philosophies and visions to ensure its survival. Practically speaking, they should rethink their mission, goals, in a way that ensures its survival and growth. To deal with such challenges, this study aimed to present a conceptual framework of goals system of the community college, in the context of the overall interaction with their local environment; then apply this conceptual framework to the Najran Community College.

In actual scenario of international economic cycle, rational use of drugs and medical devices has become a real priority in order to correctly use the limited economic resources available today. Healthcare government and public or private institutions, insurance company and other subject are involved in high costs management much more than past (in example cost for drugs, medical devices and, new diagnostic procedure). Healthcare managers ask the clinical pharmacist professionals to rationalize costs involved in new innovative therapy, due to medical therapy errors and also in order to have efficient logistic systems (hospital pharmacy). For this reason Clinical pharmacist every day work in healthcare setting are strongly applied to monitor high costs related to diagnostics procedures and drug therapies. But Clinical pharmacists professional need to have management instruments to be added to their classic university core curriculum (Knowledge and practice applications). A rational use of clinical pharmacist’s human resource is a golden endpoint in every setting with the change from logistic to more clinical function (clinical pharmaceutical care new healthcare discipline. According to ASHP Guidelines report: “clinical pharmacy service, in which pharmacist provide direct patient care are important foundation for successful medication utilization management program focused on managing drug cost” in this article we analyze biomedical literature involved giving some elements for improving management skills to be active part of medical team in management and monitoring costs. (Clinical pharmacist help physicians in this kind of work) clinical pharmacy competence added to management instruments can be considered the right keyword and a synergy.