International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences

The proportion of workers engaged in various occupations pictures the socio-economic development of a region. Occupational gender segregation is said to exist when women and men are distributed across occupations disproportionately without considering the nature of the distribution of occupations. According to the census of India, workers are distributed according to the occupation in which they are engaged into four broad categories namely, cultivators, agricultural labourer, household industrial workers and other workers. The main objective of the study is to measure the state occupational gender segregation, in this article; the occupational differentiation and segregation by sex are measured through different indices. The study showed that even though the regional distribution of occupations in the different states of India are more or less even, the occupational gender segregation exists in almost all the states in varying degrees. Throughout the states of India, male workers are more than female workers, however, the distribution of population by sex shows that almost equal proportion of both sexes are engaged in each state. Occupational gender wise integration is a sign of progress which ensures proportionate participation of women in economic activities. So, measures should be taken by the planners and policy makers to absorb more women in modern large enterprises and thereby expand economic development.

This paper provides information about the worker's productivity of Al Borg Cement Factory in Libya. It clearly outlines the productivity decrease that faces employees inside of workplace from the drop of performance. The article further argues that the deficiency in the perfect usage of technology, computer systems, communication networks (internet) and Lack of interest of the organization to prepare a training schedule. These factors are among other factors which effect on the productivity causing the employees to be less productive at their workplaces. Additionally, this has the negative effect on the economy. In addition, the decrease of individual productivity is evidenced via the outcome of the survey of individuals who shortage of interest of the management to prepare a time training schedule and system of computing to work at Al Borg Cement Factory within the country of Libya. Therefore, the paper recommends measures which should be taken to improve productivity by workers training on technology it can be that inside or outside in this organization, which could lead to improvement in the economic development of Al Borg plant and Libya in general.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of commercialization on rural households’ food security in major coffee growing districts of south west Ethiopia: the case of Jimma zone. For this purpose both primary and secondary statistics were collected and used to produce the required information. In this survey multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 150 smallholder farmers. The analytical tool used includes explanatory statistics, crop output market participation index (COMPI) and Logit model. The outcome showed that about 68% of the smallholder farmers were food secure household. Commercialization has positive effect on food security level of smallholder farmers. The evaluation results of the Logit model confirmed that family size, age of household, size of cultivated land, crop output market participation, access to credit were significantly affect rural household food security. The study recommend for policies interventions that will improve smallholder farmer family planning service, accesses to credits, capacity building, better land preservation practices, market information and road in designing food security policy in the study district.

This research focuses on the factors of survival and growth of new enterprises in Tunisia. Based on previous research, we hypothesize that three factors influence the survival and growth of these firms: factors related to the entrepreneur, factors related to organizational characteristics and characteristics of the environment from start-up. We test these assumptions on a sample of 60 companies. The results show that human capital and the experience of the entrepreneur have a relatively small impact on the survival of newly created firms. Similarly, the intensity of preparation for creation by accompanying structures is not generally a key factor for survival. On the other hand, organizational characteristics (the amount of capital invested at start-up or customer structure) are strongly linked to the survival of the latter.

Most of the people (nearly 70%) lived in rural villages. Generally we can’t imagine the world without rural villages. So the study explains, development of rural villages with scarcely resources in prakasam dist Andhra Pradesh and explains how to utilization of scarcely resources effectively in rural villages. Rural Development means it is process in all round development of rural area based on scientific utilization of India's natural resources. With this aim, several efforts were made at rural development to better the socio-economic lot of villagers from ancient times to British period. The main objective of the study is to develop the rural villages with available limited resources in prakasam dist Andhra Pradesh state. The purpose of the study is to find out and evaluate the scarcely resources in each every backward rural villages in prakasam dist, AP and work towards to effective utilization of these resources for better development of rural areas. It might be caused for economic growth and economic development of rural villages in the country. After completion of the study we known how to develop rural villages with scarcely resources in prakasam dist, Andhra Pradesh and we get fully awareness and knowledge about scarcely resources in rural areas

As companies are becoming more international in their operations global assignments are becoming increasingly popular. Transferring knowledge and developing international management are becoming necessary. Expatriation in turn constitutes necessary part of global management and success of business in worldwide market. For international firms staff with global management skills is becoming significant competitive resource. Living and working in a different country and culture are major change for most people. HR has huge responsibility to make it easier and minimize the risk of adjustment difficulties of the expatriates. It is also largely their responsibility guarantee a smooth re-adjustment at difficult moment of the expats international assignment. Purpose of this paper is to find reasons that contribute to ineffective repatriation of expatriates and how companies can organize an affective repatriation process.

The main objective of this research is to study the relationship between inclusive leadership and employee engagement in International Non-Government Organizations (INGO’s) of Punjab (Pakistan). For this, international non-governmental employees were targeted. Using random sampling, 10 INGO out of 42 (including UN Agencies) working in Punjab were selected and a total of 300 international non-governmental employee from selected INGO’s were surveyed by questionnaire method involving Likert scale through e-mails and personal visits. With a response rate of 57%, findings are based upon responses from 170 employees. Findings of the undergoing study put forward that inclusive leadership and engagement of employees are positively associated. The findings add value to the existing literature and provide valuable implications for the managers. This study provides evidence from the nonprofit sector on the important issue of engagement of the employees. Furthermore, the various theories on leadership connect the leadership with employee outcomes, but empirical evidence is still lacking, especially from the perspective of Pakistani context. The above literature gap has been addressed in the study. Some inherent limitations should be kept in mind. Firstly; the only inclusive dimension of leadership is linked with the engagement of the employees. Future studies may address the linkage among other dimensions of leadership and engagement of employees. In addition to this, non-government organizations were targeted for data collection; the findings may vary in other business organizations.

A few studies have dealt with work attitudes and work behavior as intervening variables with regards to the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop and test a theoretical framework that combines organizational culture in relationship to work related attitudes, work behavior as intervening variables and organizational performance as a dependent variable. The Structural Equation Modelling results show that both work-related attitudes and work behavior can be seen as related to organizational performance. Meanwhile the structural equation model apparently eliminates the relationship between organizational culture and performance.

Abstract Background: influenza epidemics are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality every year in the United States. Vaccination strategies to reduce disease burden have been implemented. However, only few previous studies have systematically estimated the annual economic burden of influenza epidemics in the elderly population as the most vital part in understanding the economic burden, an estimate necessary to guide policy makers effectively. Objective: We estimate age specific disease burden for the elderly population (65+), and medical and indirect costs attributable to annual influenza epidemics in the United States. We estimate the total economic burden of annual influenza epidemics using also projected statistical life values in $34.7 billion (C.I. $13.2, $74.4). Conclusions: Our study indicates a lower economic burden than estimated in previous studies associate with the elderly group, mainly due to higher vaccination rates. However, these results highlight the enormous annual burden of influenza in the US. While hospitalization costs are important contributors, lost productivity from missed work days and lost lives comprise the bulk of the economic burden of influenza

The issue of what causes some countries to achieve high economic growth while others that enjoy the same nature and natural resources don't, is still controversial and attracts the attention of both academic and non-academic alike. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature with respect to the different researches' findings that tackle this debatable issue. Apparently, traditional economic theories link economic growth to various factors like capital, technology and labor markets. In the meantime, there is a clear evidence of the role played by national culture in the economic growth of some nations at a certain period of time, yet such cultures might have not played the same successful role at other different periods; however, the empirical findings of such studies neither support nor ignore such relationship. Therefore, a meta-analysis research would be desirable to integrate results from the existing studies to reveal patterns of causal relationships and to form a theoretical framework for further future studies. In addition, the researcher also suggests that big research institution should work hand in hand to conduct more researches in this field.

The prime aim of this study is to investigate the commitment and business performance of PPPS enterprises in Bayelsa state. To achieve such fit, the study critically looked at the behavioural disposition of host communities, the donor agencies and government towards influencing business performances of PPPs as perceived by people working in 3 case studies of PPP organizations in Bayelsa state. So the study examined the extent of relationship between the enabling PPP laws and business performance of various public private partnerships and the economic growth in Bayelsa state. In addition the study determined the extent of relationship between the political will and climate influences business performance of public private partnerships in Bayelsa state. Thus, a systematic approach of survey research design, quantitative method and a deductive approach were applied. Consequently, the target population of the study comprises 1,417 staff of Bayelsa Palm Ltd (BPL), Bayelsa Farms Ltd (BFL) Odi and Rural Access and Mobility Project (ORAMP) public private partnership enterprises all in Bayelsa state. Our sample size was 312 out of 1,417 using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Through the combination of the two methods of questionnaire and interview for data collections, we were able to double check results of the data gathered thus, prevailing over the biases that come with applying just a single method and increasing the validity of the results. Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were applied to test hypotheses with Pearson Chi-Square statistics, z-test statistic and Chi-Square statistics to bring the significant relationship between two variables, this allows degree of freedom, level of significance and to give sufficient validity to the tested hypotheses. The result therefore, shows that indeed there is a significant relationship between enabling PPP laws and business performance of various public private partnerships and the economic growth in Bayelsa state. Also it suggests that both political will and climate has significant influences on business performance of PPP in Bayelsa state. In conclusion, the findings of the study reaffirm the role/magnitude played by PPPs towards influencing economic development in the state and indeed Nigeria. Understandably from the findings of the study, PPPs need to represent a unique domain of inter-personal relations of all stakeholders with an improved financial commitment with utmost level of agreements in pursuant of quality business performance and service delivery. Therefore, in order to capture a sustainable performance of PPPs in accelerating economic growth in Bayelsa State and its environs, it recommends the need for government and its private investors to conduct a proper consultation or carry out need assessment programs of host communities, state or nation before setting up and subsequent implementation of the project. This again will avoid the risk of allocation of financial resources but encourage financial structuring to the right project. Thus, it is expected for current and future PPPs schemes to review or have collective, workable legal frameworks addressing all issues raised by this study, that way PPPs will be utilized and seen as a signpost of economic growth in Bayelsa State. More so, adherence to the recommendations given on this study by government and its partners will of course bring to end of the perceived lackluster and lukewarm approach, performance and implementations of PPP in Bayelsa State. In order words, citizenries will not further see PPP as a conduit pipe to enrich private pocket. Thus, significant improvement will be recorded for PPPs to perform in order to bring sanity, trust of government, BOT and other stakeholders to redirect policies of PPPs as an innovative policy vehicle of economic development geared towards mitigating the lack of efficiency and enthusiasm in the public sector. 

This is a case study of making transition from a face-to-face teaching set up to teaching online, the undergraduate Production and Operations Management course. Despite my initial hesitation and reluctance to adopt online teaching for Production and Operations Management course, herein, I recount how I gradually adapted my face-to-face POM syllabus and pedagogy to an online environment and how students have come to benefit from my efforts and enjoy the course, as evidenced by their active participation in the discussion forum, their project reports, and their positive feedback.