International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences

In lieu of rising budget deficits in many countries across the world, driven by tax revenue insufficiency in financing government expenditure, many governments continue to accumulate public debt due to the financing of budget deficits. In the long run, however, persistent budget deficits as well as debt accumulation are unsustainable and pose several problems to the economy including inflationary spirals, depressed growth, higher associated poverty levels and consequently fiscal crisis. To offer any policy prognosis towards controlling and consequently reducing budget deficit requires an understanding of the nexus between tax revenue and government expenditure. This study examined this nexus in Kenya, for 1960-2011. Data was collected from Kenya economic surveys from 1960-2012. Because data was available in fiscal years, it was converted to calendar years by splicing. Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philips Perron unit root tests were employed to establish the stationary properties of the series while the Johansen and Juselius co-integration techniques were used to determine presence of linear long run economic relationships in the series. The study established that budgetary authorities follow the spend-revenue hypothesis. The study recommends resort to fiscal discipline, especially by cutting down on nonproductive expenditure.

This paper aimed to investigate the linkage between financial development and sectoral output growth with special emphasis on Agriculture, industry and service sectors in Ethiopia during the period from 1975 to 2016. The study has used Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) bound testing approach via an augmented growth model to examine the linkage between the financial development, proxy by bank credit to sectors, and sectoral output growth. Furthermore, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed to investigate the direction of causality between financial development and sectoral output growth. The results of bound test confirmed that the long run relationship between explanatory variables and sector output growth with less co integration of agricultural output growth and respective independent variables. The empirical results of this study showed, that in the long run financial development had a less significant positive impact on agricultural and service sector output growth but, short run relationship was found to be insignificant. However, financial development has a positive and significant impact on industrial and aggregate output growth both in the short run and long run. Furthermore, VECM granger causality tests show that there is no causality between financial development and agricultural output growth both in long run and short run. However, uni-directional causality running from (1) financial development to industrial output growth both in the long run and short run which confirmed supply leading growth hypothesis (2) financial development to service sector output growth in the long run (supply leading) and in the short run running from service sector to financial development which supports demand leading hypothesis only in short run.

The biggest challenge in increasing the population of beef cattle and beef production in Indonesia is on the main actor of beef cattle business, farmers. Farmers as the subject and the main player in livestock business are very important in increasing livestock population and beef production. It is because of 99% of livestock business in Indonesia is managed by community livestock business. This study aims to measure the level of profit and the competitiveness of beef cattle breeding business in North Penajam Paser Regency. Furthermore, the results of this study are used as a basic consideration of improvement of beef cattle breeding business performance especially in community livestock-based. The data collection was conducted by using a survey method. Meanwhile the data analysis was conducted by using qualitative descriptive method and Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. Based on the result, the value of financial analysis is 949,803 IDR per head per period and the value of economy analysis is 86,585 IDR per head per period. The result shows that the business is profitable and feasible. Based on the competitive and comparative advantage analysis, the PCR value is 0.77 and the DCR value is 0.96. it shows that the beef cattle breeding business in North Penajam Paser Regency competitively and comparatively has competitiveness.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of management the structure of agribusiness on economy as a direct influence on Kosovo's development and on the harmonization of people needs on rural areas. Also, the perceptions of farmers about the agribusiness. Using the principal component and regression analyses based on data obtained from 190 interviews with farmers’ ten different municipalities. The study reveals that farmers have high favorable perception of agribusiness, and the economic development is influenced by the type of modes management structure used, the harmonization of people needs on rural areas is not. Thus, the economic dimension improves as the farmers adopt a more coordinated type of mode management of structure. We conclude that farmers should adopt a more coordinated type of modes structure of management of their farms; this will contribute to the employment and overall development of economy.

Food Processing Industries of Punjab have been statistically analysed for finding the dominant industry, growth of different food processing industries of Punjab and competitive analysis of relevant food processing industries at All – India Level. This paper has analysed development and financial performance, with special reference to working capital management, of selected food-processing industries, food grains milling, edible oilseeds processing, sugarcane processing and milk processing all of which produce mass consumption goods. It prioritises these industries for development based on the performance criteria and discusses strategies.