International Journal of Neurorehabilitation

The disabling and overwhelming condition known as spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by intricate inflammation-related pathological processes like the release of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) into the extracellular microenvironment and widespread apoptosis of neuron, glial, and oligodendroctyl cells by infiltrating inflammatory immune cells. For the purpose of encapsulating bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), a thioketal-containing and ROS-scavenging hydrogel was made in this study. This hydrogel promoted neurogenesis and axon regeneration by scavenging the overproduced ROS and re-building a regenerative microenvironment. By reducing the production of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), attenuating ROS-mediated oxidative damage, and downregulating inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), the hydrogel was able to effectively encapsulate BMSCs and played a remarkable role in vivo as a neuroprotective agent. The motor functional recovery of SCI rats was significantly enhanced by the ROS-scavenging hydrogel that was encapsulated in BMSCs. It also reduced the formation of scars and enhanced the neurogenesis of the spinal cord tissue. A combinational strategy against ROS-mediated oxidative stress is provided by our work, which has the potential to be utilized not only in SCI but also in other diseases of the central nervous system that share similar pathological conditions.

Introduction: To depict the careful technique, remedial impact and postoperative intricacies of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) without vascular pressure utilizing head attractive reverberation imaging (X-ray).

Methods: From January 2018 to March 2021, we collected complete clinical data from 184 TN patients who had been admitted to Zhoukou Central Hospital's Department of Neurosurgery. A preoperative MRI revealed that there was no vascular compression in 35 patients (19.0 percent). 16 (45.7%) of them underwent surgery with simple venous compression, 9 (25.7%) underwent surgery with venous compression and arachnoid adhesion, 5 (14.3%) underwent surgery with arachnoid adhesion, 3 (8.6%) underwent surgery with neither venous compression nor arachnoid adhesion, and 2 (5.7%) underwent surgery with simple artery compression. The appropriate surgical approaches for the various kinds of venous compression were developed during the procedure. The Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity and facial numbness scores were used to evaluate postoperative efficacy.

Results: The appropriate decompression techniques were found to effectively relieve or eliminate pain (97.1%), and the postoperative effect was relatively satisfactory, according to the four types of compression that were discovered during the procedure but did not reveal obvious vascular compression on the preoperative head MRI. There was no repeat following 1-2 years of follow-up. Two patients (5.7%) reported occasional pain following the procedure, one patient (2.9%) reported minor pain, and two patients (5.7%) reported facial numbness. In addition, one patient (2.9%) experienced aseptic meningitis, and another patient (2.9%) experienced transient tinnitus or hearing loss on the side that was affected.

Conclusion: Based on microvascular decompression and adequate trigeminal nerve decompression findings, various surgical strategies can be implemented for patients with (TN) without vascular compression on head MRI prior to surgery. Our findings demonstrated that these strategies were capable of producing contented postoperative outcomes without increasing the number of postoperative complications.