Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine

Buried ground water is very indispensable because it is major sources for the uses of humans, animals, industry and domestic purposes. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water is one of the great issues now-adays. The present article summarizes the dangerous effects, common methods of detection, recent outbreaks and possible plan to control the contamination of various common bacteria in drinking water to alert general public to be safe and healthy.

Interaction between gold nanoparticles of 40 & 60 nm with BSA has been investigated using UV-absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. UV-absorption spectrophotometry showed an increase in the absorption intensity with increasing the molecular ratios of gold nanoparticles of both sizes to BSA, it is found that the value of the binding constant is estimated to be 0.888 × 10⁴ M^-1 for gold nanoparticles (40 nm)- BSA complexes, and 1.16 × 10⁴ M^-1 for gold nanoparticles (60 nm)-BSA complexes. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis showed that intensities of gold nanoparticles of both sizes-BSA complexes decrease as the concentration increased.

Aim: To study the nutritional treatment of anaemia as compare to marketed available drug (Ferrous sulfate) in animal model.
Methodology: Total 24 rats were included in the study, divided into 4 groups. Control group was treated with saline. Anaemia was produced in model and both test groups by pricking on their tail and drawn 2-3 drops of blood daily for one week. After producing anaemia model remained same and test group 1 were treated with the marketed available anti-anaemic drug called Ferrous sulphate of 30 mg/kg body weight and test group 2 treated with natural anti-anaemic Illicium verum extract of 80 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks respectively.
Result: Illicium verum extract increases locomotor activity in T2 rats therefore; rats open field activity was increased. It decreases depression and long-term memory but enhanced short term memory. It also produces anxiolytic effect as compare to ferrous sulfate. Haematological study including RBC, PCV, MCHC and platelets were shown significantly increased in T2 group of rats while lymphocyte, MCH and MCV were decreased.
Conclusion: It was concluded in the study that the Illicium verum extract produce same effect as common medicine ferrous sulfate on rat’s model. In developing country, such as Pakistan the rate of anaemia was increased so there is a need of finding natural compounds to cure anaemia. Natural remedies were vital in modern era because natural compound do not produce side effect.

Breath analysis is a method that has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of diseases, in the planning of drug use, and in indicating the health status of the patient, and of which importance increases with each passing day. The aim of this study is to examine neurological diseases from breath hexanal. In our study, the breaths of a total of 29 individuals consisting of 9 multiple sclerosis patients, 8 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy individuals in the control group were examined by means of the thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectroscopy method. According to the results obtained, hexanal molecule, known as the biomarker for lipid peroxidation, was observed in patients with a statistically significant difference compared to the control group with multiple sclerosis patients as p=0.048. No correlation was found between Parkinson’s patient and the control group.

Hypoxic insults initiate a cascade of biochemical events that result in irreversible neuronal damage. Magnesium sulfate agent has a possible neuroprotective effect as it can work at different stages of hypoxic brain injury.
Objectives: Magnesium sulfate is used in the neonatal management of HIE as an adjunct medication to reduce Hypoxic Neuronal injury. In this Vitro study, we aimed to examine the efficacy of using magnesium sulfate in human cells to reduce oxygen consumption. We used in-vitro method utilizing foreskin as human cell surrogate.
Method: Foreskin specimens from healthy newborns were collected immediately after circumcision and processed within 1 h for measuring the cellular rate of O2 consumption. Samples were placed in the oxygen phosphorescence analyzer and allowed to run for approximately 1 h. Injection then added magnesium sulfate at different doses into the vial. We analyze the O2 consumption in the samples at different levels of Magnesium Sulfate; the results were plotted using Kaleida Graph TM software.
Results: The rate of respiration reduced with increasing the dose of MgSo4. The Cumulative analysis of cellular respiration rate was before and after an addition of MgSO4. Collectively yielding a (k) value of 0.08 μM O2/min μM O2 min-1 mg- and 0.04 M O2/min μM O2 min-1 mg- respectively with a significant P-value of <0.001.
Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate reduces the rate of O2 Consumption in a dose-dependent manner.

Background: This is a prospective case control study, aimed at assessing the effect of oxidative stress using Malondialdehyde (MDA) Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on some reproductive hormones Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Testosterone (TT) in male hypertensive subjects at NAUTH Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: 90 newly diagnosed adult male hypertensive and sixty normotensive control subjects aged between 30-65 (49.98 ± 9.90) years were randomly recruited for the study. Blood sample were collected from all the participants, separated and stored frozen at Ë—20°C until assayed for male sex hormones using standard ELISA methods and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD and TAC) using Spectrophotometric method. Blood pressures were measured using accosson sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, and high blood pressure was considered when systolic blood pressure (SBP) is greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 90 mmHg persistently for three days. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to ascertain the bio-data and anthropometric index of all the participants.
Results: SBP and DBP were significantly higher in hypertensive male subjects 157.10 ± 15.40, 99.40 ± 8.94) compared to controls (114.50 ± 8.3, 76.60 ± 5.90) (p=0.000 respectively). FSH and LH (11.94 ± 4.14, 8.46 ± 2.54) were significantly higher while TT (3.19 ± 1.63) was significantly lower in hypertensive subjects compared to controls (7.16 ± 3.40, 3.31 ± 1.74) (7.32 ± 2.54) (p=0.000 respectively). More so, the mean levels of MDA and SOD in hypertensive subjects (1.43 ± 0.45, 15.36 ± 6.15) were significantly higher compared to control (0.63 ± 0.29, 5.28 ± 2.70) (p=0.000) while TAC in hypertensive subjects (18.19 ± 5.46) was significantly lower compared to control subjects (36.93 ± 7.55) (p=0.000). Significant positive correlation was observed between SBP, DBP and FSH, LH, SOD, MDA while significant negative correlation existed between SBP, DBP and TT, TAC. TT and LH were significantly positively correlated with TAC and MDA.
Conclusion: Hypertensive male subjects showed significantly higher levels of FSH and LH with lower testosterone levels which suggest hypogonadism and significantly higher MDA and SOD with lower levels of TAC indicating some degree of oxidative stress with suppressed body’s antioxidant defense. The positive and negative correlation observed in blood pressure, male sex hormones and oxidative stress markers also showed that oxidative stress may contribute significantly to the hypogonadism observed which may affect the reproductive potentials in these subjects.