Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine

Background: Transcriptional profiles are available for a variety of cardiovascular-related diseases. The goal of this study was to compare blood transcriptional profiles of the Toll-like receptor (TLR), T-cell receptor (TCR), and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways in asymptomatic atherosclerosis, acute ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction patients to identify common mechanisms of immune regulation and their association with epigenetic regulation.

Methods and results: Peripheral blood gene expression profiles from human atherosclerosis-related diseases and healthy controls were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Genes in the TLR, TCR, and BCR pathways were retrieved from the NCBI BioSystems database. Significance of gene enrichment and concordance of expression changes in each pathway was compared between studies. Gene expression was significantly correlated across the three disease conditions (p<10-15) and the proportion of significant genes was high (30~60%, p<0.001). Hub genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the TCR/BCR sub-network, including CD81 and TCR-CD3ζ, were significantly down-regulated and highly correlated with DNA (cytosine-5-)- methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1).

Conclusion: Common biologically relevant networks associated with immune regulation in stroke, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction were discovered. Given the high correlation of DNMT1 with these immune signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation may contribute to the coordination of innate and adaptive immune response in all CVD disease states. Down-regulation of the TCR-BCR axis in the adaptive immune system offers critical information for the investigation of the functional mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation-induced immune suppression in cardiovascular disease and stroke.

Biological markers or biomarkers are the indicators of a particular biological state before the appearance of manifestations in form of a disease. A variety of blood biomarkers represent pathology of diabetes. Analysis of blood is an important technique for determining physiological and pathological condition. People suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were part of the study. The people with bleeding disorders and those suffering from other diseases were not included in the study. There were more female (F) diabetic patients than male (M) patients. This case control observational study is an attempt to interpret data obtained from biochemical investigation of diagnostic biochemical parameters of complete blood count and lipid profile for their pathological implication and in prediction risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications among the healthy subjects. Normality test was done to check for normal distribution of the data among females (1) and males (2) and the correlation test showed no significant relation of the of biochemical parameters with PBSS.

Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutic modalities, available anti-tumor drugs display limited efficacy and sometimes carry a risk of severe adverse side effect. Therefore, it is important to identify and develop cancer chemopreventive agents without toxicity. Epidemiological examinations in human populations and experimental rodent studies provide evidence that certain types of phytochemicals suppress development and growth of cancers at various organ sites. A number of clinical investigations have been also conducted and shown that dietary phytochemicals are able to inhibit tumorigenesis, indicating several phytochemicals are regarded as cancer chemopreventive agents. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, is considered as the most biologically active constituent in drinking tea with respect to inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. EGCG appears to directly target receptor tyrosine kinases with inhibiting activation of the receptors and down-stream signaling pathways. In addition, EGCG has improving effects against obesity and insulin resistance, which leads to suppressing the development of obesity-related malignancies. Other polyphenolic phytochemicals, including curcumin and resveratrol, are also reported to exert anti-cancer effect. In this review article, we summarize the potential of dietary phytochemicals as anti-cancer drugs and those possible mechanisms against cancer, especially chemopreventive effect of green tea catechins.

Diabetes is becoming a major chronic disease which affects human health. The diabetic data in hospital of large amount contains much information. Here we analyzed the in hospital diabetes’s data and hope to provide basic data and scientific basis for the control of diabetes and the decrease of economic burden of diabetics in China. Mathematic statistical methods were made to the in hospital diabetics’ data. Retrospective analysis was made to the age, gender, days in hospital, cost and complications. The result shows that more and more young people have diabetes, and the number of diabetics is growing. The average days in hospital of diabetics is increasing along with age. Average number of complications is 3.108. Hospital costs are getting higher along with the number of complications. The average days in hospital decreases from 14.15 in 2006 to 10.61 in 2013. Hospital costs presented an increasing trend, so does daily hospital costs. This study resulted in a fact that age, gender, days in hospital, cost and complication of diabetics has impacts on each other. Cost is directly influenced by the number of complications and the days in hospital. People in China should pay attention to the prevention of diabetes, and diabetics should follow the doctor’s advice to control blood sugar to normal state.

Medicinal plants have been proposed as rich yet unexploited potential sources for antidiabetic drugs, even though used since ancient times for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Many of the synthetic drugs were discovered either directly or indirectly from the plant source. The present study reviews of plants having antidiabetic property. Although many plants are recommendation, further pharmacological and chemical research should be done to elucidate the exact mechanism of hypoglycemic activity.

Biologics have revolutionized the treatment for severe chronic illness and rare diseases. They represent the fastest growing segment in the pharmaceutical industry. However due to high of innovator biologics, the alternate options such as biosimilars have emerged. The impending patent cliff, rising healthcare costs and increasing awareness of biosimilars among physicians are crucial factors which will drive biosimilar uptake in future. Europe has demonstrated its faith in biosimilar treatment and EMA has approved several biosimilars since 2006. Over the years, Ukraine has been a favourable market for branded generics and its evolving regulatory landscape for biosimilar approval is an indication of its preparedness to embrace biosimilars. The current survey attempts to assess the awareness of the biosimilars among Ukrainian physicians.