Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species

Plant breeding enhances the genetic potential of plants by applying theories from a number of sciences. To produce the next generation with the best traits, parental plants are combined in the procedure. By identifying the plants with the best potential based on performance data, pedigree, and more complex genetic information, breeders can improve their plants. Plants are enhanced for a number of human activities, including food, feed, fibre, fuel, shelter, landscaping, and ecosystem services. The ultimate shape of a plant and its capacity to react quickly to its surroundings are the result of numerous elements interacting inside intricate gene regulatory networks.

In order to attain conservation goals and because biological communities sustain services that humans depend on, effective planning for biodiversity in cities and towns is becoming more and more crucial as urban areas and their human populations expand. Landscape ecology has contributed significantly to the development of a significant and growing body of knowledge about urban landscapes and communities. It offers important frameworks for understanding and conserving urban biodiversity both within cities and when taking entire cities into account in their regional context. Although they are crucial factors in understanding and planning for biotic assemblages at the scale of entire cities, general city characteristics such as size, overall amount of green space, age, and regional context have received relatively little research attention. There are more studies on biodiversity in cities.

Microbiomes that are found in plants can help plants develop faster or manage diseases. A consortium of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be inoculated into the microbiome to change it, which can improve plant growth and protect it from biotic and abiotic challenges. An innovative biotechnological method for increasing agricultural yields and resilience involves manipulating the plant holobiont through microbiome engineering. Direct methods of microbiome engineering include inoculation with particular probiotic microbes, artificial microbial consortia, and microbiome breeding and transplantation. Indirect methods involve the use of soil amendments or selective substrates. We discuss the benefits and potential integration of microbiome services into conventional agricultural methods as well as the knowledge gaps that need to be filled before these methods can be applied commercially in the field. Enhancing plant functions, including those related to biotic and abiotic stressors, plant fitness, and productivity, is the primary objective of microbiome engineering.