Journal of Business & Financial Affairs

The research study evaluated pension fund management of Ethiopian social security agency. To attain these objectives, eleven years’ financial statements were used as a secondary data and different ratio analysis was carried out to examine the status of fund management of Ethiopian social security agency. Those ratios shows that the organization current assets is very much large when compared with its current liabilities which shows the organization is in the best position to pay off all of its current liability. Again, the finding displays the asset turnover has been decreasing from time to time which shows under utilization of companies asset. In addition to this, large percentage of the asset of social security is financed by equity and small percentage is financed by debt. Lastly, the analysis puts that the organization is absorbent up to 50% of its income. That means up to 50% of them is consumed by its expenses.

Microfinance-providing affordable financial services to the poor- has been identified as an important tool in increasing the productivity of the poor and in enhancing economic development. Although conventional microfinance products have been very successful in Muslim countries the traditional microfinance contract which involves the payment of interest (riba) is strictly prohibited with the principles set forth in the Sharia of Islam. Sharia-compliant microfinance is one among many interventions designed to bring poor people into the formal financial mainstream. Islamic microfinance leaders have taken the initiatives to meet the increasing needs of the poor Muslim customers with the aim of alleviating poverty among poor Muslim people. While conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) have expanded their operations in the last two decades, Islamic microfinance products are still quite small relative to the conventional microfinance sector. Sudan emerges as the most prominent market for Islamic banking in terms of number of Islamic banking providers. This is driven by the fact that the country requires full compliance with Sharia principles for the entire financial system. In this respect, the aim of this paper is to shed light on Islamic microfinance in Sudan.

Accounting regulators have, for many years, had concerns about the possible lack of Independence between auditors and their clients, which arises from a long-standing professional relationship between the two parties. The reservation stems from a widely-held belief that the risk of audit failure increases when an auditor and a client remain together for a long period of time. The possibility exists that auditors might get too familiar with their clients and in consequence loses professional scepticism and objectivity when the relationship goes on for too long. Stakeholders are therefore interested in if long-term relationship between companies and their auditors gives rise to closeness that impairs auditors’ independence and reduces quality of audit work. With these in view, an attempt was made by the research to examine the link between audit tenure, rotation, and accounting conservatism using empirical data from Nigeria. Secondary data were randomly gathered by drawing 100 observations from the published financial statements of sample companies operating in the financial and non-financial sectors. Quantitative methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple- regression analysis were used for data analyses. Findings were that; the tenure of auditor has a significant positive influence on firms accounting conservatism; the rotation of audit firms also significantly influences accounting conservatism. The study recommends the mandatory rotation of audit firms’ lead engagement partner and the review partner on an engagement for publicly listed companies, and the strict prohibition of providing non-audit services by auditors to their clients to enhance auditors’ independence and the quality of audit services.

Accounting Ratio is a way of expressing the relationship between one accounting result and another, which is intended to provide a useful comparison. Accounting ratios assist in measuring the efficiency and profitability of a company based on its financial reports. Accounting ratios are important for financial decision making irrespective of the size of the institution. The Bank of Ghana has the constitutional mandate to oversee the activities of all financial institutions in Ghana including the Microfinance institutions. This core mandate of Bank of Ghana is basically guided by the use of accounting ratios. The ratios per their style have the power to determine the risk exposure of financial institutions. Over the past five years the Ghanaian economy has witnessed the collapse of certain microfinance institutions that the public assumed to be highly visible in the financial market. The study therefore provided a logistic regression model with 117 observations to determine whether accounting ratios have the power to predict the fortunes of microfinance institutions in Ghana. An increase in the current ratio reduces the log-odds of a firm's survival by -1.461987. An increase in the acid test ratio improves the log-odds of survival by 6.847345. An increase in the debt equity ratio increases the chances of survival of a firm by 1.055941. Current ratio and acid test ratio were statistically significant at 10 percent whilst debt equity ratio was statistically significant at 5 percent. The study implies that microfinance institutions should be mindful of the current ratio, acid test ratio and the debt to equity ratio.

The author deconstructs the prevailing conceptualization of nonprofit marketing and concludes it rests on three principles: voluntary exchange, an open system organization, and self-interest motivation. A review of the genesis of these principles revealed that alternative principles were ignored in the social science literature. Based on a qualitative analysis and critical hermeneutic approach a revised conceptualization of nonprofit marketing was suggested which incorporated the principles of reciprocity, the features of a contingency-choice system model of formal organizations, and collectivistic interest motivation. A revised definition of nonprofit marketing is offered based on these principles.

In this paper we have studied that impact of macro variables on Karachi stock exchange. Karachi stock exchange is very interesting topic for the discussion. Karachi stock exchange is known as one of the oldest stock exchange of Asia. Karachi stock exchange is the largest stock exchange of Pakistan. Karachi stock exchange is the dependent variables and inflation, interest rate and exchange rate and GDP are the independent variables. We have taken the data from period 1992 to 2012. We have found that there is 80 %variation. Therefore we can say there is a strong relationship among the variables. While other variables have shown that GDP, interest rate and inflation has strong relationship with kse stock index while interest rate have negative relationship with Karachi stock exchange. The increase and decrease the stock prices will affect the performance of the economy. In this paper researcher want to found out the fundamental marc variables which have impact on stock exchange and also want to found out that what are the impact of these variables on the government policies like monetary and facial policy. Fundamental macro variables are export, money, supply, interest rate.

This study evaluated the impacts of inconstancy of exchange rate on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). An assessment of writing on inconstancy of exchange rate and stock exchanges was led coming about into detail of an observational model. The Regression model was utilized as a part of making the relationship between conversion standard instability and securities exchange execution. The study utilized month to month United Kingdom information for the period August, 2004 - July, 2014. The information recurrence chose guaranteed a sufficient number of perceptions. An extremely feeble relationship between money instability and the share trading system was affirmed. The exploration finding is upheld by past studies. US premium rates were found to have a positive effect on Market capitalisation. Also GBP volatility makes greater impact on the money supply.
This study prescribed that, since the United Kingdom securities exchange is not by any means presented to the negative impacts of inconstancy of exchange rate, government can utilize conversion scale as an arrangement device to pull in outside portfolio speculation. The feeble relationship between inconstancy of exchange rate and money markets proposes that the LSE could be advertised as a safe business for remote speculators. Nonetheless, financial specialists, investors and portfolio directors still need to be vigilant concerning the overflows from the remote swapping scale into money markets. Despite the fact that there is a powerless relationship between GBP inconstancy and stocks in United Kingdom, this does not so much imply that financial specialists and portfolio administrators require not screen the improvements between these two variables.

After passing of nationalization the Indian banking system has considerably developed with a large network of branches and wide range of financial instruments. As banking industry is growing today with a rapid speed and competition it has more than 11,75,150 employee and has a 1,09,811 branches across India and 171 branches in abroad and have managed deposits of Rs. 67504.54 billion and bank credit of Rs. 52604.59 billion. The net profit of banks operating in India was Rs. 1027.51 billion against RS. 9148.60 billion turn over during 2012-13.

Banking sector has a very important place in our Indian economy. The amount of the profit indicates the efficiency of the organization the larger the profit higher the growth rate. The profitability depends on the effective utilization of funds to procure maximum profit for growth. . The present research paper is an effort to make a comparative study between the Growth rate in Punjab National Bank and HDFC Bank. As a study of Growth analysis of both the banks for a period of 10 years, i.e., from 2004 to 2014 is made. The main parameters of growth in banks are Net profit growth, Net assets growth, ROA (Return on Assets) and NPA.

The objective of this research is to investigate the determinants of the performance of the Kuwaiti banking sector before and after the recent financial crisis over the period of 2006-2012. The data utilized is based on the yearly financial statements of the Kuwaiti banks that are listed on Kuwait Stock Exchange over the same period. There are several methods have been used to identify the determinants which impact the performance of the banking sector. In this research, a ratio analysis technique is considered efficient and more reliable method than other approaches. Other factors such as trend, government regulations and other economic factors are also included. The study found that the overall banking sector performance increased considerably in the first two years of the analysis. A significant change in trend is noticed at the onset of the global financial crisis in September 2008, reaching its peak before the global financial crisis. This resulted in decreasing the profitability, return on equity, assets and capital.

The financial sector of Bangladesh is small and underdevelopment and this sector resides of banking and an emerging capital market. The banking sector in the country comparatively more developed than the equity market, even though both are developing in international benchmark. In light of recent events that have taken place in the Bangladesh, the importance of knowing the financial position of banks is imperative for investors. Most investor use balance sheet, income statement, change in equity and statement of cash flow to calculate different ratios for technical analysis. Investor uses this ratio and trend analysis to invest in capital market. In this research I take 29 banks as sample size and calculate their different ratios. For examining the applicability of Altman’s Z-Score model to forecasting banking failures. The emphasis of this research is to endorse the cogency of Altman’s Z-Score model as a predictor of Bangladeshi bank failures. I after analyzing the all sample banks Z-Score I found that 7 banks are in healthy financial position and 22 banks are in insolvent during the time period of FY 2009-2014. Islamic or Sariah follower banks are doing better than conventional banks. Sate owned banks are doing better than before. This research indorses that those banks are in insolvent zone for their published financial review or trend statement. This supplementary material is probable to intensification stockholder assurance by their ability to make more conversant decisions.