Journal of Blood & Lymph

Amplified Natural Killer Cell (ANK) therapy has been modified to enhance the safety and efficacy of original (LAK) immunotherapy. This is a method of removing Natural Killer (NK) cells from the patient's own blood, culturing and amplifying the NK cells, increasing their ability to specifically attack cancer, and returning them for treatment. It is generally effective against all cancers. Experienced a case in which ANK therapy was remarkably effective against ATL, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. Treatment of ATL is basically chemotherapy, but it is not effective and has many side effects. Chemotherapy is also the main treatment for solid cancer patients whose condition has progressed in the same way, and the elderly, renal failure, and heart failure patients cannot be treated. ANK therapy is highly effective in ATL cases and is also very effective in certain solid tumor cases. Considering the mechanism of action of ANK therapy from the accumulation of cases so far and research reports so far, it is effective for ATL with many PD positive tumor cells because it effectively kills PD-L1 positive tumor cells. Some types of solid tumors, such as lymphoma, gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, have many PD-L1-positive tumor cells. By measuring PD-L1-positive tumor cells and treating those with high levels, it may be possible to provide treatments that are more effective, have fewer side effects, and are safer than existing treatments.

Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has gripped our country with strain as well as effecting our health system. Currently, there are no standard guidelines in its treatment but the possible benefits of convalescent plasma in limiting complications and treating COVID-19 disease is being looked upon.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of using convalescent plasma in improving clinical course of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental (prospective analytical) multi-center study of 65 patients who received convalescent plasma therapy (CPT).

Results: Median age of patients who were given CPT was 60 years, were predominantly male (68%), and presented with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Median hemoglobin presented was 138 g/dl, median WBC count was 7.54 × 10 ⁹ /L and median platelet count was 239,500 × 10⁹/L. All inflammatory markers were increased, and both PaO2 and PFR were deranged. Statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin and LDH, and increase in platelet were seen after intervention of CPT. There was statistically significant longer length of stay among CPT recipients, and there was also noted less mortality in BAT group although this is insignificant.

Conclusion: Convalescent plasma may have shown no significant impact in the recovery rate and outcome compared to patients who have not received convalescent plasma therapy, but its administration was proven to be safe among all patients regardless of the level of severity and clinical profile.

Circulating exosomal miRNAs released into all body fluids have incredible functionality and stability. Their expression is associated with multiple pathological conditions, can be used as informative biomarkers when assessing and monitoring the body’s physiopathological status. However, there is no consensus on reference miRNAs for circulating exosomal reference and abundance normalization. The present study aimed to quantify 16 potential reference miRNAs in ten porcine body fluids using qRT-PCR. Further, their stability was quantified by combining multiple gold-standard statistical tools, including BestKeeper, GeNorm, and NormFinder. The identified miRNAs were comprehensively ranked. The top-ranked miRNA was recommended as the optimal reference miRNAs for data normalization. To identify more stable genes, the body fluids were assigned into three groups based on the collection point, they are in vivo (bile, bladder fluid, and gastric juice), in vitro (colostrum, ordinary milk, semen, and urine) and in the blood (UVBP, UABP and PBS). The most stable optimal circulating exosomal reference miRNAs in the body fluids were let-7b-5p (miR-93) in bile, miR-92a in bladder fluid, miR-93 in gastric juice, let-7b-5p in colostrum, miR-92a in ordinary milk and urine, miR-25 in semen, let-7b-5p in UVBP, miR-25 in UABP and U6 in PBS. Overall, miR-93, miR-451 (miR-92a), and miR-25 are the bona fide reference miRNA for qRT-PCR data normalization of body fluids in vivo, in vitro, and blood, respectively. Across all body fluids, miR-451 was the most stable when determining the miRNA abundance in the circulating exosomes