Journal of Blood & Lymph

CD6 is one of the first discovered lymphocyte receptors. It is expressed on all T cells, a NK cell subset, and B-lymphocyte B1a subsets. CD6 is involved in cell-to-cell interaction and modulation of adaptive immune responses. It is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of immune-mediated conditions. CD6 and its two major known ligands (CD166 and CD318) have emerged as new therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Recent studies explored the distribution of CD6 in both T-cell lymphomas and aggressive NK/T cell neoplasms, and evaluated the activities of CD6-antibody drug conjugate in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models for these malignancies. In this mini-review, we highlight the current understanding of CD6 as a therapeutic target in autoimmune disease, T cell lymphoma and aggressive NK/T cell neoplasms.

Proliferative retinopathy is a significant ocular complication associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and other forms of leukemia. Understanding the various ophthalmological manifestations and their management is important for improving patient outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ocular alterations seen in leukemia patients, with a particular focus on proliferative retinopathy in CML, its delayed manifestation and management strategies.

A thorough literature review was conducted, emphasizing key studies and case reports that highlight the ocular complications of leukemia, particularly those related to proliferative retinopathy in CML. Leukemia can cause a range of ophthalmic manifestations, including retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms and neovascularization. Proliferative retinopathy, characterized by abnormal neovascularization is more common in chronic leukemias like CML. This condition often presents in the advanced stages of CML and can significantly impair vision if not managed promptly. The pathogenesis involves chronic hypoxia, leukostasis and inflammatory mediators, leading to the formation of fragile new blood vessels. Delayed manifestation of proliferative retinopathy in CML underscores the importance of regular ophthalmological surveillance, even in patients with well-controlled systemic disease.

Early detection and timely intervention are essential in managing proliferative retinopathy in CML. A multidisciplinary approach involving both hematologists and ophthalmologists is essential for optimal patient care. Regular follow-up and vigilant screening for ocular changes can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life for leukemia patients. This review highlights the need for ongoing research and education to better understand and manage the ocular complications of leukemia.