Journal of Biometrics & Biostatistics

Biometric data, consisting of unique physiological characteristics, plays a crucial role in modern identification and security systems. While biometrics offer convenience and accuracy, they also raise important concerns regarding privacy, security, and ethical considerations. This article explores the nature of biometric data, its applications, potential risks, and the measures necessary to safeguard it effectively. Biometric data refers to the measurable and distinctive characteristics of individuals used for identification and authentication. Physiological biometrics include fingerprints, facial features, iris patterns, and DNA profiles. Behavioral biometrics encompass traits like voice patterns, signature dynamics, and gait analysis. Biometric data is typically captured through specialized sensors or devices and converted into digital templates that can be securely stored and compared for future verification purposes

Advancements in biometric sensors were already shaping the landscape of identification and security systems. However, it is essential to note that further developments might have occurred since then. Here's a brief overview of the potential advancements up to that point. Biometric sensors, such as fingerprint scanners, iris scanners, and facial recognition systems, have seen significant improvements in accuracy and reliability. This ensures more precise identification and reduces the chances of false positives and false negatives.

Even though working conditions are getting better in many countries, technological advancement and the increasing complexity of many production processes pose new dangers to workers. This puts workers' lives and health at risk and has unavoidable effects on labor productivity and the economy, thus, occupational safety and health is critical for workers, companies, worker’s unions, national institutes for occupational safety and health and countries, since those countries with better conditions of safety at work perform better in terms of competitiveness.

As technology continues to advance, the realm of biometric applications has emerged as a promising avenue for revolutionizing security and convenience in various industries. Biometrics, the science of measuring and analyzing unique biological characteristics, provides a robust means of identifying and authenticating individuals. This paper delves into the vast landscape of biometric applications, exploring their potential to enhance security and convenience across different sectors.

Background: The World Health Organization defines diarrhea as the passage of three or loose, or watery stools within a day or unusual frequency of diarrhea episodes. The goal of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with diarrhea among children of age under-five in Ethiopia.

Methods: Association between outcome and independent variables was done using Pearson’s chi-square test. To control for possible confounding, binary logistic regression was applied and analyzed using Stata version 14. This was asystematic literature review. A systemic search of articles was done on PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, Web of Science, and medRxiv databases until 2020 using the keywords “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus”, “hydroxychloroquine”, and “mortality”. Relevant articles were chosen for further evaluation based on a review of their titles and abstracts. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of Azithromycin and 4-aminoquinline for treatment of COVID-19 pregnant mothers.

Results: Based on this study, the prevalence of diarrhea was 15.5% of children under the age of five. The expected value of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children from Amhara, Oromia, and Southern nations, nationalities, and people’s region was 0.47, 0.77 and 0.72 times lower than the occurrence of diarrhea among the ages of under-five children in Tigray, respectively, controlling for the other variables in the model. When we look at the source of drinking water, the odds of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children were 0.78 times lower than children taking protected water as compared to unprotected water. In addition, the odds of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children from a child's lives with others were 5.95 times higher than the prevalence of diarrhea for a child who lives with the respondents.

Conclusion: Region, child living with whom and source of water are the significant factor of the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children.

The generation of robust Real-World Evidence (RWE) from Real-World Data (RWD) and its integration into drug development and regulatory review poses a significant challenge for biostatisticians. Mapping RWE to substantial evidence description requires a rigorous analytical approach that takes into account the quality, validity, and relevance of the RWE generated from RWD. To achieve this, it is essential to apply appropriate statistical methods and data science techniques to analyze the RWD and generate reliable and actionable RWE. The recent European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is one example of a concept that has been defined in numerous ways. "Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person" is the definition of personal data in this. "racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, health data or data concerning the individual's sex life or sexual orientation" are all examples of sensitive data in this set. It is against the law to use automated means to process these kinds of data for any purpose at all without the explicit consent of the subject

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple optical measurement technique used for blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. PPG signal and its derivative contain important health-related data which is used for the detection and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. High blood pressure is a cause for various physiological changes and leads to the cause of death throughout the world. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is also an important factor for diagnosing cardiac disorders and to analysis the physiological conditions of human body. The growth of signal processing techniques, has opened the door for the development of cuff less and continuous monitoring of heart rate variability and blood pressure from the PPG signal. This article describes some of the current developments and challenges of PPG-based heart rate variability and blood pressure monitoring technologies.