Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques

To support life and growth, the growing world population will need sustainable ways. The continued depletion and growing waste of energy resources will make it difficult for the world's expanding population to survive in the years to come. A sustainable strategy to deal with the growing global food waste problem as well as the dwindling energy supplies can be found in the bioconversion of waste produced at various levels of the food value chain into ethanol. The food waste can be a perfect alternative substrate for creating a decentralised bioprocess due to its high carbohydrate and nitrogen content. In order to make the process profitable, bottlenecks in the substrate collection and transport, pretreatment, fermentative organisms, and product separation must be addressed.

Enzymes are chemicals that hasten chemical processes without altering themselves in the process. The employment of enzymes in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food sectors is encouraged by their many benefits over chemical catalysts, including tunable activity, high specificity, and high catalytic efficiency. Due to their numerous uses, industrial enzymes are in higher demand, which has prompted on-going research and development aimed at improving enzyme production and lowering manufacturing costs. Due to their numerous uses in diverse industries, pectinases have become one of the most important industrially important enzymes. The group of enzymes known as pectinases is responsible for hydrolysing pectin-containing compounds. Depending on the method of action, pectinases are divided into polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, pectin esterase, and pectin lyase.