Biosensors & Bioelectronics

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for two-thirds of dementia cases in the elderly and may show preliminary symptoms for decades. The dry leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) has been used as a dietary supplement for the treatment of mental disorders in both humans and animals. Objective: This study examined the immunological effect of EGb 761 in the treatment of rats with experimental Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: The sample consisted of 40 Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 grams and divided into 4 groups: 21 days control, 42 days control, 21 days treated, and 42 days treated. Stereotaxic surgery was performed with the coordinates of AP=-3.12, ML=3.6 mm, and DV=3.0; animals were undisturbed for 5 days after surgery and brought back to stereotaxic to be injected with 2 μL (1 mg) of Beta-amiloide25-35 toxin in the CA1 region. Animals in the treated group received 100 mg/kg of EGb 761 by gavage. Animals were euthanized at 21 and 42 days; 1 ml of blood was collected for the flow cytometry analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results: A significant difference was observed between the pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-6 and IFN-γ showed low levels of concentration compared to IL-2 and TNF-α. The IL-4 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines were present at high levels of concentration in the 21 and 42 days treated groups. Conclusion: EGb 761 was effective in reducing serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby promoting a reduction in the inflammatory process generated by AD.

In communication, SS plays a vital role in practical application like mobile communication in CDMA because it has advantage like noise immunity. Spread spectrum technique may be a digital pass band technique. Some good codes are used by SS modulation and demodulation scheme0.s. At the channel the signal with noise gets jammed and results in transmission problem. So, this paper depicts PN codes for the development of gold codes with accuracy. These codes ought to be well arranged to the message signal. This sequence which is developed as the spreaded signal for the transmission process in CDMA shall contain the noise immunity property. Received signal from the transmission process is despreaded in receiver. Designed sequence with similar gold codes acclimated to redesign the baseband signal. For the above mentioned process Matlab simulation programming has been adopted.