Journal of Clinical Case Reports

Tuberculosis of the breast is an extremely rare form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Bilateral involvement is even rarer. We report a case of secondary bilateral breast tuberculosis in a young female, who responded to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Transient left upper limb deficit was diagnosed on the first postoperative day following a long surgery procedure and was assumed to have been caused by a positioning injury. Three months after the operation, multiple sclerosis was diagnosed. Importantly, this Case Report emphasizes the importance of carefully considering a differential diagnosis of perioperative nerve injury when observed in the early postoperative period. Also, the question arises as to whether the onset of multiple sclerosis was directly related to anesthesia and/or surgery and whether the early postoperative upper limb deficit was the initial sign of malignant sclerosis.

Primary tracheal cancer is considered to be relatively rare. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a low-grade malignancy which is the second most common tracheal malignancy after squamous cell carcinoma. It has been proved that the majority of primary tracheal tumors, which were locally advanced and unresectable at the time of diagnosis, were squamous cell carcinoma. We are presenting a case of ACC that encase whole trachea to the main right bronchus at the presentation found in a woman just after she gave birth. Tumor was treated with conformal radiation therapy and showed good regression. Three years after the diagnosis, the patient is alive with stable disease.

Gingival hyperplasia is a common finding in a routine dental practice. Though it has many etiological factors, hyperplasia due to drugs which are administered to treat the systemic problems is of major problem which needs attention. Here, we present a case of nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia and draw the attention of clinicians.

An adrenal incidentaloma is a mass lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter, serendipitously discovered by radiologic examination. Extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as adrenal mass is not a common entity but foci of Extramedullary Hematopoiesis (EMH) may occur in almost any organ.

Background: Carcinoid tumors are rare neoplasms of the diffuse peripheral neuroendocrine system which produce biological amines and various peptides. Carcinoid tumors most commonly occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Primary ovarian carcinoids are rarely seen; they consist less than 0.1% of all ovarian cancers and 0.3% of all carcinoid tumors. Case: Here, we present a rare case of primary carcinoid tumor, insular type, arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Conclusion: Surgical excision of the tumor is usually sufficient treatment for most of the patients.

Dengue is an important viral illness in endemic regions, with recent yearly outbreaks in Northern India. Acute kidney injury in dengue is seen usually in presence of shock and hemolysis. Direct immune mediated acute kidney injury is uncommon in dengue and usually presents late. We describe a young male with anuria and azotemia within first few days of illness, requiring hemodialysis. His low complement levels and response to corticosteroids suggest the possibility of immune complex mediated acute kidney injury, which may relate to severity of renal injury in dengue. It is important to suspect and recognize it early.

A 67-year-old male was admitted to our institution for occult blood positivity and to test for anemia. Upper and lower gastroenteroscopy revealed no abnormal findings. A thickened intestinal wall was detected in the upper jejunum by contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography, and a small intestinal tumor was suspected. Capsule endoscopy revealed a lesion protruding two-thirds of its circumference into the upper jejunal wall, which showed a stricture. Single-balloon endoscopy confirmed a jejunal tumor. A specimen biopsied during single-balloon endoscopy revealed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the patient was treated surgically. The intraoperative findings revealed a jejunal tumor approximately 5 cm distal from the Treiz ligament, and the jejunum, including the tumor with a 5 cm margin, was partially resected. The resected tumor was 60×40×30 mm in size. Pathological examination revealed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with invasion of the serosa and no vessel or lymphatic invasion. With the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon endoscopy, it has become possible to visualize small intestinal mucosa and detect disease in the small intestine. We present the case of a male patient with a jejunal carcinoma that was successfully detected by capsule endoscopy and balloon endoscopy.