Cardiovascular Diseases & Diagnosis

Introduction: Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) have been linked to subclinical atherosclerosis, which can be identified by elevated coronary artery calcium (CAC) or arterial stiffness as measured by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). However, there aren't many comparable data from these two assessments on the same population.

Methods: From 2005 to 2013, both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary computed tomography and CAVI were enrolled and followed until December 2019 for the occurrence of MACEs (cardiovascular [CV] death, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], and nonfatal stroke). The relationships between the CAC score and CAVI and long-term MACEs were evaluated using a cause-specific hazard model.

Results: 8687 patients participated in all. In 49.7%, 31.9%, 12.3%, and 6.1% of them, the CAC scores were 0–99, 100–399, and 400, respectively. In 23.8%, 36.3%, 44.5%, and 56.2% of cases, arterial stiffness (CAVI 9.0) was linked to the severity of CAC. MACEs occurred in 8.0% of patients over an average of 9.9. 2.4 years of follow-up (95 percent CI: 7.4 to 8.6 percent) of subjects. CAC scores of 100–399 and CAVI scores of 9.0 were found to independently predict the occurrence of MACEs with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.70 (1.13–1.98), 1.87 (1.33–2.63), and 1.27 (1.06–1.52), respectively, after adjusting for covariables. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), aspirin, and statin therapy were additional risk factors.

Conclusion: Both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with stable CAD are more likely to experience MACEs in the long run if they have a CAC score below 100 or a CAVI score below 9.0. These two non-invasive tests can be used to screen for and direct treatment to prevent CV events in the future.

Introduction: Worries about therapy related cardiotoxicities in bosom malignant growth patients are developing. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmia in breast cancer patients based on time and treatment.

Methods: In a register-based matched cohort study, Stockholm-Gotland breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2008 were compared to matched controls from the general population for their time-dependent risks of arrhythmia, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease using flexible parametric models. Breast cancer patients' treatment-specific effects were estimated using the Cox model.

Results: Time-dependent analyses revealed a longer-term increased risk of heart failure and arrhythmia following a breast cancer diagnosis. Arrhythmia had risk ratios (HRs) of 2.14 (95% CI=1.63-2.81) and cardiovascular breakdown had risk ratios (HRs) of 2.71 (95% CI=1.70-4.33) in the primary year of conclusion. After ten years, the HR was 1.42 (95% CI=1.21–1.67) for arrhythmia and 1.28 (95% CI=1.03–1.59) for heart failure. The risk of ischemic heart disease only significantly increased in the first year after diagnosis (HR=1.45, 95 percent confidence interval (CI)=1.03–2.04)). There was a link between Trastuzumab and anthracyclines and an increased risk of cardiovascular breakdown. Aromatase inhibitors, but not tamoxifen, were linked to the risk of ischemic heart disease. There was no evidence that locoregional radiotherapy increased the risk of heart disease.

Conclusion: Heart disease appears to be linked to systemic adjuvant therapies. The risk estimates found in this study may assist decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy and patient counseling in oncology settings.

Another significant global public health issue is chronic heart failure (CHF), which affects a large portion of the global population frequently, frequently progresses to a life-threatening condition, and has a high mortality rate. We are interested in learning about recent advancements in the treatment of CHF patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is less than 40%. In recent years, BNP has been linked to the etiology of cardiac disease. As a result, we set out to investigate the effects of a complex medical treatment plan that combined sacubitril and aspirin, an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, on CHF patients. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic strategies used to treat these patients with the device, particularly cardiac resynchronization therapy. Last but not least, we compared the results of cardiac resynchronization therapy to those of a sophisticated medical treatment plan that combined angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril and valsartan.