Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

The increasing demand of natural resources for the concrete production has impacted the surroundings and the concern to protect these natural resources is increasing. Lately, handling and management of scrap is the primary issue faced by the countries worldwide. The waste problem is the most important problems facing the world as a source of the environmental pollution. One of the censorious wastes to be control in today is ‘waste tyre’ because; recent development in transportation has create big number of vehicles, which produce huge quantities of used tyres. Disposing such waste tyres is a critical waste management concern around the world at the moment. Various research works had been conducted in the past which had results that showed reduction in the mechanical energy of the concrete. The present study aims to use scrap tyre rubber by reshaping it as fractional replacement of coarse gravel in the concrete and to examine the outcome of providing a mooring hole of 10 mm in diameter on the surface of the rubber gravel which makes the cement plaster to form a cylindrical mooring between the gravel and the concrete as well work as a rebar to the rubber gravel thereby, increase withstanding power to failure under load which simultaneously increase the strength. The partial replacements of coarse aggregates are done at zero %, five %, ten %, fifteen % and twenty % by quantity of coarse gravel. The resulting concrete beams are tested for the physical characteristics of concrete. The compressive axial behaviour of short column are made with ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC)and Reshaped Waste Tyre Rubber Aggregate Concrete (RWTRAC)for various compositions of Reshaped Waste Tyre Rubber Aggregate replacement to coarse aggregate. Consequently the tests on RWTRAC short column of 10 % rubber aggregate replacement are conducted. The load and axial deformation of short column are discussed. The cracking strength of 10% RWTRA alternative concrete was found to be higher than traditional concrete. The initial and ultimate crack of replacement concrete attains higher than conventional concrete. The effect of coarse aggregate substitution by RWTRA will enhance the performance of the short column.

Ethically, the aesthetic view of a particular atmosphere, surrounding or environment depends on its decent hygienic state. This is so for the reason that, when an environment, surrounding, or atmosphere is hygienic the lives of those in that community are not threatened by pollution, illness and disease, in that way creating a sustainable environment. If wastewater is not appropriately managed it might turn out to be a point source of pollution will be a threat for the health of human populations and the environment. This research was carried out with the aim which probably of assessing the quality and quantity of wastewater released to the environment, to determine the constituents of wastewater through experimental laboratory analysis. Laboratory analysis was taken from different point in ABUAD, Various laboratory test such as DO, PH, BOD, COD, Turbidity, total hardness, calcium carbonate hardness, alkalinity, and ammonia, which was properly carried out following due procedure and analysed properly. These results shows that majority of the test carried out for was unsatisfactory according to standards. From the laboratory experiments carried out, it can be concluded from the result that Bakery: - the appearance, turbidity, total hardness, odour, TDS, and BOD are unsatisfactory. Laundry: - the appearance, turbidity, total harness, ph., odour, BOD, are unsatisfactory. Kitchen: - the appearance, turbidity, total harness, ph., odour, ammonia, BOD are unsatisfactory. Effluent: - the appearance, turbidity odour, are unsatisfactory.