Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

The recovery of ecological sustainability is a pressing concern in the design and construction of buildings in Iraq. This study aims to explore the concept of dynamic straightforwardness as a strategy for integrating ecological sustainability into the design elements of Iraqi structures. Dynamic straightforwardness refers to the seamless integration of sustainability principles throughout the entire lifecycle of a building, from the initial design phase to its operation and eventual decommissioning. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing case studies and interviews with architects, engineers, and sustainability experts. The study investigates the current state of ecological sustainability in Iraqi buildings, identifies the challenges faced by architects and designers in integrating sustainable elements, and explores potential solutions and strategies to overcome these barriers.

Ecological science is a multidisciplinary field that seeks to understand and study the complex interactions between organisms and their environment. Traditionally, ecological science has focused primarily on epistemic qualities, such as knowledge acquisition and hypothesis testing. However, there is a growing recognition that non-epistemic qualities also play a significant role in shaping ecological research and its outcomes. This paper explores the concept of non-epistemic qualities within the context of ecological science and their implications for understanding and managing ecosystems. Non-epistemic qualities encompass a wide range of factors, including social, cultural, ethical, and political dimensions that influence the scientific process and its application to ecological issues.

This study uses a series of wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations. It has been discovered that pedestrian-level wind environments with large low-wind areas are produced by wind flows with yaw angles. These outcomes can be recreated utilizing regular breeze streams with an original strategy called the same breeze rate point technique. Wind streams with little certain pitch points misrepresent the relocations and wind loadings of designs, while negative pitch points are worthwhile for the streamlined exhibition of designs. The differential underlying optimal design exhibitions are owing to contrasts in downwash and up wash streams, and shape of the shear layers at the top and lower part of a construction exposed to twist streams with positive and negative pitch points. The yaw and pitch angles of wind are caused by topographical features, which alter the wind's trajectory in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Close to mountains, geography actuated pitch and yaw points are restricted to the lower a piece of the climatic limit layer and have impressive extents, in this way they ought to be thought about in wind designing applications. In order to learn how wind flows with pitch and yaw angles affect the wind loading of structures and the wind environment in built-up areas.

Epitome is a common strategy used to forestall possible corrosive mine seepage (AMD) in overburden heaps. To reduce water infiltration and/or oxygen diffusion through rock pores, Potentially Acid-Forming (PAF) material is covered with either Non-Acid-Forming (NAF) or alkaline material in this method. The thickness of the NAF material layer, as well as its physical and chemical properties, is crucial factors in the successful prevention of AMD. As a result, this study used laboratory-scale column leaching tests to evaluate the layering technique for NAF materials. NAF layers with a proportion of 25 and half were utilized to cover PAF material containing pyrite and parasite obtained from the mining regions, East Kalimantan. Over the course of 23 weeks, kinetic tests were used to examine the chemical and physical properties of leachate collected from samples of water that were watered on a weekly wet-dry cycle. The results indicated a trend toward higher pH values and lower concentrations of sulphate and metal in the leachate. This study demonstrates that NAF layering is a useful strategy for reducing or eliminating AMD generation.

Scarcity of resources and the need to reduce the environmental impacts of winning and processing construction materials and products is placing a greater emphasis on resource efficiency within the construction industry. In this study steel burr are used as construction materials which is commonly created after machining operations such as grinding, drilling, milling, engraving or turning etc. These scrap steel can be recycled by using it as a additional admixture in concrete to increasing the strength of the concrete.

In this project we choose that lathe steel burr as additive material for the M30 design concrete mix. First properties of material like cement, fine aggregate, course aggregate and water are identified then the properties of steel burr are identified and it’s added in various percentage like 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% and the mechanical properties of object are identified. The mechanical properties of burr added concrete specimens compared with the conventional concrete specimens. In this work M30 grade of concrete with w/c ratio of 0.45 is used for conventional concrete mix. The strength and durability properties of steel burr concrete are better when compared to the conventional concrete up to a maximum adding of 5% steel burr. The maximum compressive strength is 4% more and split tensile strength is about 14% more than the conventional concrete.

Because of the gapping in their gradation and the high bitumen content, the SMA have a high potential of asphalt drain down. Using cellulosic fibers is one of the solutions for this problem. To conduct the study, 38 Marshall non-fibrous samples containing 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 weight percentage mixtures of Viatop plus were designed and prepared by Marshall design method. Based on the results, use of 0.5% of fibers with an optimum asphalt content of 6.85% is the optimum amount of fiber used to prevent asphalt drain down. In addition to decreasing the drain down rate below the range determined in the relevant regulations, The Marshall quotient index experienced a maximum amount of 296.66 kg/mm and shows a growth of 22% comparing to non-fibrous samples. However, with increasing amount of fiber, in spite of decreasing asphalt drain down potential, the Marshall quotient index decreases. The percentage of stripping of the samples was estimated by boiling water test. In addition, the moisture sensitivity test was carried out by using the Latman method on samples. Boiling water test results and a significant increase in the TSR index in samples modified with fiber, show the positive effect of this fiber against moisture damage on SMA.

New nano tube clay has been explored in Saudi Arabia soil. It is green natural nanoclay of two dimensional nano particles having special properties and special dimensions. It is similar to halloysite but different where it can be called as halloysite-like clay nanotubes CNTs. The particles are transparent clearly where other particles can be seen through it. It has a special cross section which is almost not circular but near to be polygonal like hexagonal shape. Dimensions are unique where external width equals almost (20 nm-30 nm) while length is (50 nm-600 nm). Internal width of the lumen seems larger than other type of conventional halloysite with wall thickness less than other type. It can be used as nano containers. Surface area is larger than surface area of halloysite clay since surface area of conventional halloysite is 65 m²/gm while current clay nano tubes surface area is (168 m²/gm). It can be bent with a slight curvature because its inertia is large which means that the clay tubes will be always straight while in case of bending it will be bent with curve of large diameter. The new CNTs geometry, dimensions, microstructure, chemical composition, surface area and zeta potential have been characterized using SEM, TEM, EDS, langmuir surface area and ZP.