Journal of Cytology & Histology

The climate of Mongolia is dry and extreme, with cold seasons during the 5-7 months of year, which is one of the causes of cold-borne disorders occurring in people. In our country, there are cases of women with inflammatory disease of reproductive organ too. Although the researches on ovarian mast cells have been common so far, the researches on mesovarium mast cells, which have good blood and nerve supply, are pretty uncommon. The researches on cold stress induced changes in mesovarium mast cells’ number, size and structure in relation with menstrual cycle hasn’t been done yet in our country. In our study, we have chosen 16 rats in control group and 48 rats in cold stress group, a total of 64 rats. The cold stress group was divided again into 3 groups (16:16:16) and underwent daily cold stress (refrigerator-15°C) from 8:00 am-11:00 am for 7, 14, 21 days in order to generate cold stress model. The number, shape, structural changes, size, perimeter, length and width of the mesovarium mast cell were determined. The determination of estrous cycles was carried out at 8 am on test day by taking a smear from the vagina using Papanicolaou test and the phases of estrous cycle was determined by histological test.

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires on female doctors, nurses and pharmacists in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja. Knowledge about cervical cancer and practices regarding Pap smear as a screening method was tested.

The results obtained showed that 13% of the respondents had their sexual debut (coitarche) before the age of 20 years and 35.5% of them had multiple sexual partners. (90%) were aware of the disease, cervical cancer and most (90%) knew the symptoms and signs of cervical cancer and also ways of preventing it. However, 58% had adequate knowledge of the risk factors for cervical cancer. 97.5% of the female health workers were aware of the Pap smear as a screening test for cervical cancer but most of them (76.5%) had never done it before. The medical doctors showed the highest level of awareness about Pap test (100%) and the least aware were the pharmacists (71.4%). When contrasted, Pap smear awareness and utilization, there was no correlation between Pap test utilization and Pap smear awareness (Pearson’s correlation 0.96, P<0.05) as only 24.1% of people who were aware had done a pap smear test. There were multiple reasons given by respondents for not having had a Pap test. The majority, (40%) had no reason and (30.9%) had not thought about it. The medical literature and seminars were the most cited sources of information about Pap smear. Medical doctors were the commonest source of information for the doctors while the nurses got their information mostly from medical literature and seminars. The majority (72.1%) of the respondents suggested that more education at the place of work would help improve the knowledge on cervical cancer and 32% suggested the use of mass media in addition so as to impact both themselves and women in the society. On measures that would help increase participation, 40.5% suggested that the pap smear test be offered at no cost.

Background: Rib tuberculosis is an uncommon form of osteoarticular type of tuberculosis accounting for <5% of cases of bone and joint infection.
Case presentation: We report a case of young adult with rib destruction. Tuberculosis was confirmed on cytology with CB-NAAT testing. There were no lesions in lung parenchyma or any lymphadenopathy. The patient responded completely to the anti-tuberculosis therapy without any surgical intervention.
Conclusion: Isolated tuberculosis of rib is very rare and should be included in the differentials of clinical examination. FNAC with ROSE can be a useful technique for early diagnosis and start of anti-tubercular drugs which forms the main stay of treatment with good recovery.

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) involves half of the oral cavity malignancies. It is very important to find the etiologic factors of oral SCC and its early diagnosis. Copper is one of the most useful metals that have been used by men since ancient time. The level of copper increases when the cancerous changes occur in the body, saliva analysis can be used to discover various illnesses because of its non-invasive methods. In addition to biopsy, an alternative method for examining oral lesions is exfoliative cytology. The aim of this study was to determine the salivary copper level and cytomorphologic changes of oral mucosa among three study groups.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 individuals with oral SCC, 15 workers exposed to copper and 15 healthy individuals were included. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The exfoliative smears were prepared by brush biopsy and stained by Papanicolaou and AgNOR staining methods. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P value <0.05 was considered significant.
Result: The results showed a significant difference in mean salivary copper (P=0.008), cytomorphology of oral mucosa and AgNOR among the three groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Occupational exposure to copper increases the salivary levels of this element and causes changes in mucosal cells. Since this increase in is very high salivary level of copper and nuclear activity are in oral SCC patients, exposure to copper should be considered an important risk factor for oral mucosal changes.

The sub-laboratory effects of SLE on blood cells were not completely evaluated to explain the thrombotic tendency found in this disease. The present study was conducted to assess the ultrastructural changes of RBCs, WBCs and platelets in SLE and to corelate these changes with the disease activity. Comet assay and 8- hydroxydeoguanosine (8-OHdG) were used to confirm cellular dysfunction. Ninety subjects were recruited and equally divided into 3 groups: Group Ι; SLE (normal CBC), Group ΙΙ; SLE (abnormal CBC) and Group ΙΙΙ; healthy control. Disease activity was evaluated by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index score (SLEDAI). Ultrastructure examination of blood cells were done by electron microscope, DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay and serum 8-OHdG levels. CBC and serological tests including serum C3, C4, ANA and anti-dsDNA were evaluated. There was statistically significant negative correlation between RBCs and WBCs elements with SLEDAI score in Group II. There was significant statistical difference in RBCs and WBCs cell membrane defects by electron microscope between Group I and Group II. There was no statistically significant correlation between blood cell membrane defects and SLEDAI score in both Group I and Group II. There was a significant increase in percentage of tail DNA damage (p<0.05) in Comet assay and serum 8-OHdG levels in Group I and Group II. In conclusion, there are ultrastructural changes in blood cells in SLE that could play a crucial role in the thrombotic and inflammatory effects of blood cells. Comet assay can be used as a detectable and reliable method for assessment of other biological genetic research.