Journal of Cytology & Histology

Background: The usefulness of IHC markers in the differential diagnosis of germ cell tumors has been recognized for decades. Germ cell neoplasms can show a bewildering array of appearances, and there may be significant morphologic overlap among subtypes. For this reason, Immuno-histochemistry is often performed to assist in accurately assessing the types and extent of germ cell elements present within a tumor. The different IHC markers used in this study included include a) alpha - fetoprotein (AFP), b) the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin c) cytokeratin, d) S-100 protein e) CD30 f) GFAP. g) CD117 h) PLAP. The main objectives of the study were to observe the IHC staining patterns of both gonadal and extragonadal GCTs.

Methods: The study was conducted for a period of 5 years from 2015 to 2019 and was an observational study. The recorded data was compiled and entered in a spreadsheet and then exported to data editor of SPSS Version 20.0. Graphically the data was presented by bar and pie diagrams.

Results: A total of 93 cases were analyzed. IHC was consistent with the histomorphological variants, with YSTs being consistently positive for AFP. Seminoma/Dysgerminoma for CD117/PLAP. Embryonic Carcinomas were seen mostly as mixed component with CD30 cytoplasmic positivity. Mature Cystic Teratomas, the most common histological variant showed frequent GFAP & S100 positivity. Cytokeratin was positive in all cases.

Conclusion: IHC helped in confirming the morphological diagnosis and also showed the extent of a component in a MGCT

One of the most tragic negative pregnancy outcomes is stillbirth, although it is frequently linked to a lack of a post-mortem histological examination. We sought to determine if the amniotic fluid staining reflected the foetal circumstances surrounding the death and if it was associated with any histologic signs of foetal distress.One of the most tragic negative pregnancy outcomes is stillbirth, although it is frequently linked to a lack of a postmortem histological examination. We sought to determine if the amniotic fluid staining reflected the foetal circumstances surrounding the death and if it was associated with any histologic signs of foetal distress.