Journal of Cytology & Histology

Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy, plays a pivotal role in unraveling the intricate details of organ structure and function at the cellular and tissue levels. This scientific discipline delves into the microscopic world of tissues, offering a profound understanding of the organization and arrangement of cells within organs. The insights garnered from histological studies are indispensable for comprehending both normal organ function and the underlying causes of dysfunction. In this article, we will explore the significance of histology in the context of understanding organ function and dysfunction, shedding light on its contributions to medical research, diagnostics, and the development of therapeutic interventions. Histology involves the examination of tissues through the use of microscopes and specialized staining techniques. Tissues, comprised of cells and extracellular matrix, are organized into organs with specific functions in the body. Histologists study tissues at various levels, including epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues, each contributing to the overall structure and function of organs.

Cytology, the study of cells, has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool, allowing healthcare professionals to delve deep into the microscopic world of tissues and identify abnormalities at the cellular level. This diagnostic approach has revolutionized the early detection and diagnosis of various diseases, offering valuable insights into their origins and progression. In this article, we will explore the diagnostic power of cytology and how it plays a crucial role in unmasking diseases at the cellular level. Cytology involves the examination of individual cells to diagnose diseases or abnormalities. This branch of science has evolved over the years, progressing from simple cell observation to sophisticated techniques that enable the identification of subtle cellular changes. Cytological examinations can be performed on various types of specimens, including blood, urine, sputum, and tissues obtained through procedures like fine-needle aspiration or Pap smears.

In the vast and intricate world of biology, the study of cells stands at the forefront, revealing the fundamental building blocks of life. Cytology, the branch of biology that delves into the structure, function, and behavior of cells, provides a mesmerizing journey into the cellular symphony that orchestrates life as we know it. This article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of cytology, unraveling the complexities of cellular life and highlighting the vital role it plays in shaping the biological landscape.

The story of cytology begins with the discovery of the cell itself. In the mid-17th century, Robert Hooke's observations of cork under a rudimentary microscope marked the inception of the cell theory. Over two centuries later, in the 19th century, the combined efforts of Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow solidified the cell theory, asserting that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that cells arise from pre-existing cells. This foundational principle laid the groundwork for the study of cytology, propelling it into a scientific discipline of paramount importance.

The human body is a complex and intricate system composed of trillions of cells, each with a specific function contributing to the overall functioning of organs and tissues. Histology, the study of tissues at a microscopic level, unveils the intricate cellular landscapes that form the foundation of life. In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of histological patterns, delving into the diverse structures and functions of cells that shape the biological tapestry of living organisms. Histology, derived from the Greek words "histos" meaning tissue and "logos" meaning study, is the branch of biology that involves the microscopic examination of tissues. Through histology, scientists and medical professionals gain insights into the cellular composition and organization of tissues, helping to understand the physiological and pathological processes that occur within the body.

Introduction: Infertility may result from male or female factors or a combination of both. It is known that male factors are responsible for 50% of all infertility. Genetics is part of the management of male infertility, and karyotyping is highly recommended in men with nonobstructive azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia (sperm count <5 million/ml), or no palpable vasa. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence and profile of the chromosomal abnormalities of this subgroup in a cohort of patients followed for male infertility in the laboratory of cytogenetics and reproductive biology at the University Hospital Center Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal.

Material and methods: Sixty-seven (67) patients with primary infertility were selected for our study. After semen analysis and evaluation of serum levels of FSH, a standard karyotype with R banding was performed.

Results: The global prevalence of chromosome abnormalities was 16.41% (n=11), with essentially numerical abnormalities (n=10). In terms of prevalence, Klinefleter syndrome was the most represented abnormality, with a global prevalence of 11.93% and a frequency of 2.988% in mosaic forms. Were also registered, respectively, a case of 47, XYY, and a case of XX male, 46,XX.

Conclusion: Primary infertile males with NOA and severe oligozoospermia have a non-neglectable rate of chromosomal aberrations, justifying the requirement of cytogenetic testing in order to pursue assisted reproductive treatment.