Journal of Cytology & Histology

Background: Extramedullary proliferation of cells of myeloid origin is termed as myeloid sarcoma. About 3-8% cases of AML present with myeloid sarcoma. Methods: A 10 year old child with proptosis was investigated and found to have mass in left supralateral region of left orbit. Enucleation of the eye was done and sent for histopathology along with the mass. Results: Histopathology showed sheets of round tumor cells positive for CD 43, LCA and C- Kit. Peripheral smear examination showed >20% blasts. Conclusion: A diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia was given.

Objective: The Bethesda System is better for Thyroid Cytopathology reporting and may increase the clinical management of Thyroid Disease. Study design: Analytical Cross sectional. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 120 smears of thyroid swellings which were referred for fine needle aspiration to the Department of Pathology in 2011 and the Bethesda System for reporting Thyroid Cytopathology was followed in comparison to old conventional reporting system running from the last 30 years. Histopathology was used as a gold standard to compare the sensitivity of both systems. Three groups of Histopathologists were assigned three reporting systems without knowing the results of each other. The comparison was made in a meeting of 3 groups after histopathology biopsy reports were made available. Group A was assigned to report with the older system of thyroid aspiration with 7 categories, Group B reported with five classes of an older reporting system and Group C reported with the latest Bethesda Reporting System. Screening test was applied to compare the results. Results: When the results of these three systems were compared Bethesda adapted method was found to be more superior as compared to the others. Sensitivity of Group B and C is significantly high 0.051 as compared to group A (p=0.051 and 0.000)’ Sensitivity of Group C is also significantly high as compared to Group B (p=0.000). Specificity of Group B is not significant (0.326) as compared to group A. Specificity of group C is also significantly high as compared to Group A and Group B (p=0.009 and 0.002). Our findings are consistent with others who used the Bethesda Cytopathology Reporting System. Conclusions: Bethesda Cytopathology Reporting system can help with a better patient’s outcome due to proper clinical management of thyroid swellings and saves patients from unnecessary thyroid surgery.

Decrease in the ozone layer leads to increase in the amount of dangerous ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth’s surface. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation leads to tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of curcumin on testicular damage induced by Ultraviolet Irradiation (UVR) histologically, histochemically and morphometrically. 60 albino rats were divide into 5 groups (twelve rats each) the first group served as control. The second group was exposed to ultraviolet C rays for ½ an hour (900 joule) for three consecutive days. The third group was treated with curcumin at a dose level of 5 mg/kg body weight. The fourth group was treated with curcumin at a dose level of 25 mg/kg body weight at. The fifth group was treated with curcumin at a dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight. Rats in the last three groups were treated with curcumin for 4 weeks prior to exposure to ultraviolet rays. Sections were used for histopathological study on image analysis and morphometric measurments. Histochemical stain were used to demonstrate the DNA and glycogen content. Results of this study revealed that exposure to ultraviolet rays led to changes blood vessels and disturbance of spermatogenic layers, while using curcumin prior to exposure to ultraviolet rays in a small dose (5 mg/kg) led to restoration of the normal structure in most of the seminiferous tubules. A dose of 25 mg/kg of curcumin as a protecting agent led to depletion of spermatogenic cells above the level of spermatocytes in many of the tubules, while a dose of 50 mg/kg of curcumin led to exfoliation of spermatogenic cells in some tubules and depletion of long spermatids. In conclusion, the present work reported that the treatment of rats with curcumin in a dose of 5mg/kg body weight prior to exposure to ultraviolet rays led to a good protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet C irradiation, while higher doses of curcumin (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight ) had much less protecting effects.

Background: Periodontal regeneration aims at the restitution of supporting periodontal tissues lost due to periodontal diseases. With an aim of improving bone regeneration, strontium ranelate and related compounds were developed and have become increasingly popular in osteoporosis treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the strontium ranelate 2% gel on the regeneration of the surgically created intrabony defect in dogs. Methods: One-wall intrabony defects (4 × 6 mm) were surgically created in the mesial aspect of second premolars bilaterally (split mouth study) in 10 dogs. Each intrabony defect underwent one of 2 treatment modalities: placebo gel (methyl cellulose gel)/collagen sponge (control site, group I) or strontium ranelate gel/collagen sponge (experimental site, group II). The animals were sacrificed with an overdose of anesthesia at 3 months and block sections of the defects were collected for histological and histometric analysis. Results: Clinical healing progressed uneventfully in general, no visible adverse reactions. Strontium treated group (group II) demonstrated a significantly higher regeneration of the attachment apparatus in the form of newly formed bone, cementum and little amount of connective tissue adhesion (3.89 ± 0.09, 3.42 ± 0.75, 0.27 ± 0.02 respectively) than the control group (1.17 ± 0.63, 1.75 ± 0.07, 1.26 ± 0.05 respectively) (P<0.001).There was also significant differences between the two treatment modalities in the amount of epithelial down growth where control treated group show significant amount of epithelial down growth (P<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that, strontium ranelate 2% gel appears to be safe and may support periodontal wound healing/regeneration in intrabony periodontal defects without complications.