Journal of Cytology & Histology

Background: Moringa stenopetala is a medicinal plant that has been used in Ethiopian tradi-tional medicine as a remedy for treatment of hypertension, diabetes, malaria and stomach pain. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of the extracts and fractions of Moringa stenopetala leaves in liver and kidney of female Wistar rats. Methods: For acute toxicity study, the female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups that received distilled water and oral administration of single dose of 5000 mg/kg (n=5) extract, respectively and followed for 14 days. For repeated daily administration of extract, the female Wistar rats were Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n=6). Treatment groups were given daily extracts (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) orally. Whereas, normal control received distilled water ad libitum for 15 days. On the 16th day the blood was sampled to evaluate the effect on liver and kidney using clinical chemistry analyzer. Results: The acute toxicity study found no signs of toxicity; hence LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The biochemical test revealed that extracts produced a rise in liver in a dose de-pendent manner but no effect on kidney function indicators compared with normal control. Conclusion: These findings revealed that the extracts of Moringa stenopetala are toxic to liver but not to kidney.

Background: It remains unclear whether the 22- and 25-gauge needles have equal diagnostic yields in endoscopic ultrasonography–fine needle aspiration of pancreatic masses. Methods: Patients presenting with pancreatic solid masses were prospectively included between July 2010 and June 2012. Each patient underwent ultrasonography–fine needle aspiration using two different needle sizes (22- and 25-gauge needles) during the same endoscopic session, the 25 and 22 needle sequence being randomized. Cytological preparations included smear cytology, ThinPrep and Cell Block. Specimens were analyzed for diagnosis, cellularity, amount of blood and digestive contamination. Final diagnosis was reached by the final pathological report, clinical and radiological follow-up. Results: Thirty-seven patients were included among them 34 subjects had malignant pancreatic neoplasm on final diagnosis. Pancreatic masses were located in the head of pancreas in 73% of cases. The mean size of the lesions was 34.6 ± 14.4 mm. Diagnostic yields of the 25- and 22-gauge needles were 85.3% (95%CI: 72.6-98) and 88.2% (95%CI:76.7-99.7) respectively (p > 0.05). Diagnosis was obtained with smear cytology alone in 58.8% patients with the 22-gauge needle and in 55.9% patients with the 25-gauge needle, in 64.5% patients with Cell Block for both needles and in 76.5% with ThinPrep for both needles. The quality of specimens was comparable with the two needles. No complication occurred. Conclusion: The 25- and 22-gauge needles carry the same diagnostic yield when performing ultrasonography– fine needle aspiration of solid pancreatic masses. ISRCTN69545565 Controlled trials.

We describe the rare case of a 13 year-old girl with a hypervascularized sebaceous adenoma of the parotid gland. Our case is one of only thirteen other cases of parotid gland sebaceous adenoma to be reported in the literature. The difficulty in diagnosing sebaceous adenomas of the parotid gland preoperatively has been reported previously and as such we present a literature review to typify the clinical and histological characteristics of sebaceous adenoma when present in the parotid gland.

Objective: It is reported that cervical cytology is a significant factor related to stage, tumor grade, nodal metastasis, recurrence and survival rate in endometrial cancer. Moreover, reduced expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is associated with higher tumor grade and metastasis in endometrial cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the results of cytological assessment of glandular cells in cervical cytology before surgery, prognostic factors, and E-cadherin expression in endometrial cancer. Methods: Between 2004 and 2011, 263 patients with endometrial cancer at all stages were treated with hysterectomy. We reviewed preoperative cervical smears and assigned each to one of three categories: (1) Negative, (2) Atypical glandular cells (AGC), and (3) Adenocarcinoma (AC). The relationship of these cytology, prognostic factors, and E-cadherin expression was evaluated. Results: Statistical significance in overall survival was shown for preoperative cervical cytology, age, surgical stage, histological type, tumor grade, myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymph node metastasis except peritoneal cytology. Patients with AC cytology were more likely than those with normal cervical cytology to have a higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, poorer histopathology, higher tumor grade, deeper myometrial invasion, higher incidence of cervical involvement, and higher prevalence of lymph node metastasis. In addition, AC and AGC cytology appeared to be associated with a poorer prognosis and to have lower E-cadherin expression than negative cytology. Conclusions: Cervical cytology may be a guide to prognosis in endometrial cancer, and E-cadherin expression may correlate with appearances of abnormal endometrial cells.

Phylloides tumor of breast is a rare tumor of fibroepithelial origin forming only about 0.3-0.5% of all breast malignancies. Malignant phylloids tumor is even more rarely encountered lesion of very unpredictable clinical outcome with high chances of recurrence and distant metastasis. Accurate preoperative pathological diagnosis is mandatory to allow correct planning of the surgical treatment which can be either wide excision or mastectomy with an intent to have a negative surgical margin of at least 1 cms. This rare and enigmatic tumor should be kept in mind while dealing with breast lumps. Here, we present a case of recurrent malignant phylloides tumor in a young female alongwith review of literature of this rare entity. Aim and Objective: To present a case of recurrent malignant phylloides tumor in a young female alongwith its cytology images and to have a review of literature of this enigmatic entity.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a myocardial disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement. The main clinical features are sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Diagnosis of ARVC is still problematic and frequently made only by autopsy. Criteria for orthotropic heart transplant (HTx) have still not well been defined. We present two cases of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy who underwent heart transplant. They demonstrate that heart transplant can be a real therapeutic option for these patients and offer to us the possibility to confirm the diagnosis and better understand pathological and histological features of the disease.

Holocord syrinx associated with conus ependymoma is a rare entity. Commonly such ependymomas are located in cervical and dorsal regions with only few reports mentioning conus lesions having associated holocord syrinx. This variant responds well to surgery and long term prognosis is favourable. The associated syrinx does not need any specific treatment and does resolve by itself.

There is a special unusual cellular mass in birds’ spinal cords known as glycogen body (corpus gelatinosum). Because of the specific topographical situation of this circumventricular organ, the structure of this organ on the cellular and subcellular level is of special interest with respect to the still unsolved functional problems aiming to find a relation between the structure and the function of this organ. Twenty domestic chickens were used in this study to demonstrate the structural peculiarities of this body from the histological point of view. Our results revealed that the glycogen body is a very delicate, small, ovoid circumventricular, transparent and gelatinous consistency structure embedded in the dorsal part of the lumbosacral region of spinal cord. The body has two cell zones; Peripheral one had regularly arranged large cells with metachromatic faint red cytoplasm and peripheral basophilic nuclei and central one with irregularly arranged cells that had different basophilic degrees, variable sizes, and peripheral nuclei. By transmission electron microscope, the cells of both zones showed deeply infolded electron dense peripherally located nuclei with prominent nucleoli that were rounded in the outer zone and ovoid in the central one. The cytoplasm was almost occupied with large dense masses of glycogen. No connective tissue was observed in the body except in the vicinity of the blood vessels that were more distributed in the center of the body than in its periphery. Conclusion

Mammary neoplasms have high incidence in both women and female dogs, with such a cytological resemblance between species that studies in canines might work as a baseline for research regarding the incidence in women, due to the relatively high incidence of this cancer, similar biologic behavior, large body size, comparable responses to cytotoxic agents, and shorter overall lifespan. Given the relevance of this neoplasm and the practicality of the cytological examination, studies listing the classification criteria for these tumors gains importance, aiding in diagnosis precision.

Aim and Objective: Therefore, this research paper aims at identifying and standardizing criteria that may be relevant for the diagnosis of malignancy in cytopathological preparations from mammary tumors in female canines. Once the cytopathological malignancy criteria are identified, we aim at verifying whether there is variation in the tumor’s degree of aggressiveness considering the criteria established for mammary cancer in women.

In this article, the impact of dietary lipids and heterotopic heart transplant procedures on the structure and morphology of several tissues in apolipoprotein E-knock out (apo E-KO) mice is reported. In particular, addition of dietary cholesterol, plant sterol or either changes in hemodynamic factors or immunological responses after heart transplant procedures are associated with histological and cytological changes in the kidneys, skin, heart and arteries in this animal model. In this report, alterations in the vessel wall structure and morphology including formation of atherosclerotic plaques, infiltration of macrophages, as well as evidence for rejection of the donor hearts and formation of non-specific vacuolation in the liver and kidney have been illustrated. In conclusion, various factors may cause changes in tissue structure and morphology which may lead to tissue dysfunction. Early detection of such changes and appropriate remedies including dietary and lifestyle modifications may help sustain tissue structure and function.

The appendicular duplication is a rare congenital malformation. From an uncertain pathogeny, it can be a fortuitous discovery or reveal by an appendicular syndrome or an occlusive syndrome intestinal. We are carrying a particular form of appendicular duplication, siege of an acute appendicitis at uncommon elements suppurated with a peritoneal reaction to a patient aged of 14 years. We discuss then the viewpoint of the surgeon and the one of the pathologist in the assistance of that affection not well known.

Comparative performance of suture and cyanoacrylate adhesives of different alkyl chain length for wound healing were compared in-vivo in New Zealand White rabbits. The alkyl chain length of the cyanoacrylate adhesive determines its effectiveness in tissue repair. The n-butyl cyanoacrylate (BCN) adhesive is very aggressive on the rabbit skin due to high exothermal reaction whereas wound closures with ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECN) and n-octyl cyanoacrylate (OCN) are adequate and similar. No significant alterations were found in the standard biochemical and haematological parameters test. When ECN and OCN adhesives are used, the wounds close with little inflammation, the edges are not separated and the tissues throughout the joined areas and nearby are normal. However, due to BCN stiffness, closed wounds show opened edges and intense inflammation. ECN and OCN adhesives present advantages vs. suture, i.e. less time for application, good confrontation of both sides of the incision, immediate haemostasis, less inflammation and absence of infection.