Journal of Coronary Heart Diseases

The human gut is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. This complex ecosystem consists of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota play a pivotal role in the development and progression of CVD. This article explores the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences CVD and discusses potential therapeutic implications. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of many CVDs, including atherosclerosis. The gut microbiota exerts a profound influence on the host's immune system, modulating inflammatory responses. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition, can promote a pro-inflammatory state through several mechanisms, Certain gut bacteria can produce LPS, a potent pro-inflammatory molecule. An overabundance of LPS in the gut can lead to increased systemic inflammation, contributing to CVD risk.

Chronic inflammation is a key driver of cardiac diseases. This article reviews recent developments in anti-inflammatory therapies, including IL-1β inhibitors and colchicine, which have shown efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary artery disease and heart failure being significant contributors. While traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are well-established in the pathogenesis of these conditions, mounting evidence suggests that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cardiac diseases.