Journal of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function and the ability to perform daily activities. It is a major public health concern worldwide, primarily affecting older adults. This abstract provides an overview of dementia, including its types, causes, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and available treatments. The impact of dementia on individuals, caregivers, and society is discussed, highlighting the need for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and comprehensive management strategies. Furthermore, recent advancements in dementia research and potential future directions are explored, emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts to better understand the disease and develop effective interventions.

Neurogenetics is a field of study that explores the genetic factors underlying the development and function of the nervous system. It focuses on understanding how genetic variations and mutations contribute to various neurological disorders and conditions. This abstract provides an overview of neurogenetics, including the principles of inheritance, genetic mechanisms, and the role of genes in neurological development and function. It highlights the significance of genetic research in unravelling the complex genetic architecture of neurologic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the potential applications of neurogenetics in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapies for these disorders, as well as the ethical considerations associated with genetic testing and counselling.

Prior to the surgery, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including medical history assessment, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans. These help the surgeon determine the precise location and extent of the spinal problem. Once in the operating room, the patient is administered general anesthesia to ensure comfort and unconsciousness throughout the procedure. Sometimes, local anesthesia with sedation may be used instead.