Journal of Clinical Respiratory Diseases & Care: Open Access

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs, leading to respiratory failure. Management of ARDS often involves a combination of medications to address various aspects of the condition, including inflammation, fluid balance and oxygenation. However, the complexity of medication regimens in ARDS patients can increase the risk of drug interactions, which may impact treatment efficacy and patient outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of medication-drug interactions in ARDS patients, focusing on commonly used medications and their potential interactions.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health. While the majority of COVID-19 cases exhibit mild symptoms, a subset of patients develops severe respiratory distress, multi-organ failure and even death. Identifying biomarkers associated with disease severity is crucial for prognosis and developing targeted therapies. Recent research suggests that elevated levels of Galectin-3 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, fibrosis and immune regulation. It is expressed by various immune cells, endothelial cells and epithelial cells and its dysregulation has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer, heart failure and inflammatory disorders. Severe COVID-19 presents with diverse clinical manifestations, including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Identifying reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets is critical for improving patient outcomes.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a unique challenge to global public health, with a significant proportion of individuals experiencing prolonged symptoms even after the acute phase of the illness. This extended COVID-19 syndrome, often referred to as "long COVID," encompasses a range of persistent symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Understanding the factors contributing to susceptibility to this condition is crucial for effective management and treatment. This article explores the role of predictive factors and polymorphisms of the ACE-2 gene in determining susceptibility to extended COVID-19 syndrome. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the wide spectrum of disease severity and the emergence of extended COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms beyond the acute phase of infection. Understanding the host factors influencing susceptibility to prolonged illness is crucial for patient management and risk stratification. This review synthesizes current literature on predictive factors and polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 genes in the susceptibility to extended COVID-19 syndrome. Relevant articles published up to January 2024 were included, focusing on studies investigating genetic variants of ACE-2, their association with disease outcomes and predictive factors for prolonged illness.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a multifaceted challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Beyond the respiratory symptoms commonly associated with the disease, emerging evidence suggests a significant association between COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism. While much attention has been directed towards severe cases requiring intensive care, understanding the risk of VTE in patients receiving treatment outside of intensive care units is crucial. This article aims to explore the prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies and management of VTE in COVID-19 patients treated in non-ICU settings. Venous thromboembolism remains a significant concern in COVID-19 patients receiving treatment in non-ICU settings. Healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for VTE, especially in high-risk individuals and implement appropriate thromboprophylaxis and surveillance measures to mitigate the risk of thrombotic events. Further research is warranted to refine risk stratification algorithms and optimize VTE prevention strategies in this patient population.