Cancer Science & Therapy

Objective: breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Its curative treatment is based on mastectomy, which can be radical or by quadrants. Surgery is done with Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND) in the radical or Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection (SLND) in the condom. In this sense, this article evaluates the displacement of surgery with positive sentinel in patients with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) and radiotherapy compared to standard or radical treatment. Methods: this is a retrospective study based on the analysis of the medical records of Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (HSVP) in Guarapuava-PR from 2011 to 2020. Patients with early stage breast cancer, with maximum stage IIIA, were selected. quadrantectomy, NAC and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Results: The results showed recurrence in 2 patients in the control group (7%) and in one patient in the study group (17%) which resulted in subsequent death.

Conclusion: Although this research was small, some subjective results were identified, as is the case of patients with standard breast cancer treatment, in the intermediate stage, post-menopause and positive lymph nodes in the biopsy, who demonstrated a better response to treatment when compared to with other patients. . In addition, young patients had a worse response compared to others. However, more comprehensive studies with longer follow-up are needed to draw meaningful conclusions.

Cancer, a formidable adversary in the realm of medicine, often reveals its presence through subtle molecular clues within the body. These clues, known as tumor biomarkers, serve as invaluable signposts in the intricate journey of cancer detection. Tumor biomarkers are molecules, such as proteins, genes, or hormones, which are produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. They play a pivotal role in early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer, guiding healthcare professionals and patients through the challenging terrain of cancer diagnosis and treatment.

This comprehensive overview explores the recent advancements in targeted cancer therapies, a groundbreaking approach in the fight against cancer. Targeted therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment by specifically targeting cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues and reducing side effects. The article covers various types of targeted therapies, including small molecule drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies, highlighting their mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Challenges, such as resistance and accessibility, are discussed, along with the role of precision medicine, biomarkers, and combination therapies. The article also delves into the evolving regulatory landscape, patient-centric approaches, and future directions in the field. As cancer research continues to progress, this comprehensive overview provides insights into the transformative potential of targeted cancer therapies.

Cancer remains one of the most formidable challenges in the field of medicine, affecting millions of lives globally. Traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have made significant strides, but the quest for more effective and targeted therapies continues. In recent years, cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising avenue in the battle against cancer, leveraging the body's immune system to prevent and treat this complex disease. This article delves into the fascinating world of cancer vaccines, exploring their mechanisms, current developments, challenges, and the potential they hold for revolutionizing cancer care.

Breast Cancer (BC) remains a significant global health challenge, with early detection playing a crucial role in improving survival rates. Traditional detection methods such as mammography, MRI, and biopsies have limitations that impact the timely diagnosis of early-stage BC. This review focuses on the potential of liquid biopsies, specifically Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, as a non-invasive alternative for early breast cancer detection. Liquid biopsies offer advantages in terms of non-invasiveness and the ability to be repeated over time, providing valuable insights into tumor genetics. However, current ctDNA assays face challenges, particularly in detecting early-stage cancers due to low ctDNA levels. The review examines recent advancements in ctDNA research, including the role of key genetic mutations and copy number alterations, and highlights the need for improved assay sensitivity and specificity. It also explores the promise of tumor-informed approaches, despite their higher costs and longer development times. The integration of ctDNA analysis into clinical practice holds potential for enhancing early detection and personalizing treatment, with implications extending to other malignancies as well. Continued research and technological innovations are essential to overcoming current limitations and advancing the field of cancer detection and treatment.

Multi-centric gliomas, characterized by tumors located in different brain lobes and hemispheres, makes significant treatment challenges and lead to poor patient outcomes. This study explores the use of Multi-modal Sensory Stimulation (MSS) in the rehabilitation of patients with these complex tumors. Due to the dispersed nature of the gliomas, traditional treatments often struggle to effectively target the affected areas, resulting in limited success. MSS showed promising results by improving altered sensorium, a common issue in patients with multi-centric gliomas. The integration of coma stimulation programs into rehabilitation protocols led to notable cognitive and functional recovery. This study suggests that MSS can provide a valuable rehabilitative approach, potentially improving the quality of life and prognosis for patients with multi-centric gliomas. As traditional treatments continue to face challenges, innovative approaches like MSS offer new hope for enhancing patient outcomes.

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by multiple colorectal polyps with a high potential to develop colorectal cancer. FAP has diverse extracolonic manifestations including adrenal masses. The prevalence of Adrenal Incidentalomas (AI) in FAP patients is 13%, 97% of which are benign. Adrenocortical carcinoma as an AI in FAP patients is very rare and limited to few case reports in the literature. We are reporting a rare case of a young male who was referred to urology for a large adrenal mass, and underwent adrenalectomy and the reported pathology was adrenocortical carcinoma.