Journal of Diabetic Complications & Medicine

Disturbances of electrolytes during hyperglycemia is a common Abnormality in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). Similarly, hyponatremia, a consequence of hyperglycemia, is often associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study investigated the association between AD and DMT2 by correlating plasma calcium homeostasis with plasma electrolytes. In this paper, we used plasma calcium homeostasis as a reference for Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF) volume changes. We determined the relative changes in plasma electrolyte concentration with respect to the relative changes in plasma calcium concentration. The study consisted of a cross-sectional study designed to analyse charts data from three patient groups during the period of 2010 to 2018. The study population consisted of three groups: AD-Only group, DMT2-Only group and AD-&-DMT2 group. The ADOnly group consisted of patients who developed AD but did not have DMT2. The DMT2-Only group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with DMT2 but did not develop AD. The AD-&- DMT2 group consisted of patients who had DMT2 and developed AD. Our results showed strong correlations between the relative changes in plasma sodium, plasma potassium and plasma chloride with those of plasma calcium in both AD and DMT2 patients. Patients with AD exhibit some degree of glucose intolerance even when not diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Thus, it is prudent for health care providers to closely watch for DMT2 and AD development in all aging patients regardless of their presentation.

Esophageal carcinoma is a challenging malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Metformin, a widely used drug for type 2 diabetes, has shown promising anticancer effects in various malignancies, including esophageal carcinoma. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of metformin in esophageal carcinoma and discusses its therapeutic potential.

Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) serve as critical interfaces between mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), orchestrating various cellular processes essential for maintaining homeostasis. Dysregulation of MAMs has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including insulin resistance. Exercise, a cornerstone of preventive medicine, exerts profound effects on mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. This article explores the intricate roles of MAMs in cellular homeostasis, the interplay between MAMs and insulin resistance and the potential therapeutic implications of exercise in mitigating insulin resistance through modulating MAMs.

Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) and its analogues have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects in managing metabolic diseases. This article explores the bioconversion processes of ginsenosides into CK, the pharmacokinetic properties of CK and its analogues and the underlying therapeutic mechanisms implicated in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia. Understanding these aspects is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies harnessing the potential of ginsenoside CK and its derivatives.