Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems

Cognitive Radio (CR) Technology has emerged from software defined radios wherein the key parameters of interest are frequency, power and modulation technique adopted. The role of Cognitive Radio is to alter these parameters under ubiquitous situations. The Spectrum Sensing is an important task to determine the availability of the vacant channels to be utilized by the secondary users without posing any harmful interference to the primary users. In Multicarrier Communication using Digital Signal Processing Techniques, Filter Bank Multi Carrier has an edge over other technologies in terms of Bandwidth and Spectral Efficiency. The present paper deals with the Multi Rate FIR Decimation and Interpolation Filter along with Usage of two band Analysis and Synthesis sub band processing approach for physical layer of Cognitive Radio under fading channel environment.

This paper presents an accurate algorithm for locating faults in a medium voltage underground power cable using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The proposed method uses five ANFIS networks and consists of 2 stages, including fault type classification and exact fault location. In the first part, an ANFIS is used to determine the fault type, applying four inputs, i.e., the maximum detailed energy of three phase and zero sequence currents. Other four ANFIS networks are utilized to pinpoint the faults (one for each fault type). Four inputs, i.e., the maximum detailed energy of three phase and zero sequence currents, are used to train the Neuro-fuzzy inference systems in order to accurately locate the faults on the cable. The proposed method is evaluated under different fault conditions such as different fault locations, different fault inception angles and different fault resistances.

This paper proposes the hybridization of analytical method and heuristic search for the optimal placement of type-III DGs in power distribution network for reduction of power loss. The type-III DG is capable injecting both real and reactive powers. In this approach the locations are determined by the application of PSO while the sizes of DGs are evaluated by using the analytical method which is based on the exact loss formula. The reduction of power distribution losses has been achieved by compensation of active and reactive powers. The improvement in bus voltage profile and the optimal power factor of the DGs have also been considered. The proposed technique has been tested on a 33-bus test system and the results are compared.

Real-time reception of sensor signals is one of the most significant operations in analog signal processing. Driven by low-power and low-voltage requirements for integrated mixed signal portable applications, this paper propose a novel low power Dynamic Threshold Photo Catalytic Sensor (DTMOS) system to work efficiently below lower bound of power supply independent of substrate bias effect. Another important feature of DTMOS is that the fabrication of circuits based on DTPCS is less complex and more economical. The SPICE simulations were performed with 120 nm technology parameters and results verify the performance of the circuit. The proposed system has high linearity and simple structure hence it is suitable for high-performance and low-power analog VLSI applications. The main reason of employing a readout circuit to PCS circuitry, is the fact that the fluctuation of O₂ influences the threshold voltage, which is internal parameter of the FET and can manifest itself as a voltage signal at output but as a function of the transconductance gain. The trans- conductance is a passive parameter and in order to derive voltage or current signal from its fluctuations the sensor has to be attached to readout circuit. This circuit provides high sensitivity to the changes in percentage of O₂ in the solution.

From the very fundamental oscillator, a simple pendulum wherein there is a constant energy switch between potential and kinetic energy, oscillators have seen groundbreaking changes in setup, operation and their applicability. There are harmonic oscillators which produce a continuous sine wave output of certain frequencies as per the passive components involved. Additionally, are knownRelaxation oscillator which yield triangular, square and sawtooth waves as output to name a few.The present paper deals with the details of how a fundamental Colpitts oscillatory circuit can be designed. Furthermore, we would take a look at optimizing its performance with change in several dependent characteristics in oscillation. We would conclude with an inference pertaining to the best customization with could be put to practical usage.

As an increasing number of people are going wireless, reducing the criticism of wireless networks is becoming a top priority. Wormhole attack is a severe threat against ubiquitous sensor networks. In a wormhole attack, the intruder sniffs the packets at one point in the network and forwards them with a less latency and relays them to another point in the network. A strategic placement of the wormhole can result in a significant breakdown in communication across a wireless network. The objective of dissertation addresses the efficient comparing the proposed technique with the previous study. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm where intrusion detection has been done in a proposed approach to detect the wormhole attacks. The AODV routing protocol is used as the underlying network topology. Data tracker is used for detecting and isolating the malice node i.e. acting as a wormhole. This approach is implemented by using NS-2. The Simulation results are presented to validate the stated goal by comparing various performance metrics.

Label cost optimization proposes a new improvement in label cost function, improving existing moves of α-expansion algorithm and introducing some new moves for this algorithm. In order to study the performance comparison, different metrics of energy minimization has been considered. An appropriate comparison has been drawn among proposed technique i.e. fast approximation algorithm and previous well known techniques. The objective is to effectively optimize energies so that satisfactory image segmentation can be obtained (represented with different labels respective to different objects). New combinatorial optimization algorithm have been proposed which shows promising experimental results with the new moves, which we believe could be used in any context where α -expansions are currently employed.